Light emitting element material

ABSTRACT

An object of the present invention is to provide a red light emitting element material with high color purity and a light emitting element using the red light emitting element material. The present invention is a light emitting element material including a compound which is expressed by following general formula (A) and a light emitting element using the compound. In the following general formula (A), at least two of R 1 , R 2 , and R 3  each independently represents an aryl group or heterocyclic group, and at least one of the R 1 , R 2 , and R 3  contains a group expressed by following general formula (B). In the general formula (B), R 4  represents a heterocyclic group or electron attracting group, R 5  represents a hydrogen atom or electron attracting group, R 6 , R 7 , and R 8  each independently represents a hydrogen atom or substituent, and m represents 0, 1, or 2. However, in a case in which only one group expressed by the general formula (B) is contained in the general formula (A), R 4  and R 5  are not cyano groups at the same time. When R 5  is a hydrogen atom, R 4  represents a heterocyclic group which has aromatic rings and is formed from 3 to 7 rings.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0001] 1. Field of the Invention

[0002] The present invention relates to a light emitting elementmaterial, amine compound, and organic light emitting element using thelight emitting element material and amine compound, which are used for aflat surface light source and display, and more specifically, to a lightemitting element material, amine compound, and light emitting elementusing the light emitting element material and amine compound which, withapplication of low voltage, can emit light ranging from green to redwith high luminance and high efficiency.

[0003] 2. Description of the Related Art

[0004] An organic light emitting element in which an organic material isused (hereinafter, referred to upon occasion there is a case in which itis referred as “an organic EL element”) is promising for applications asan inexpensive large area full-color displaying element of a solid lightemitting type, and various development thereof has been carried out inrecent years. Generally, an organic light emitting element is formed bya light emitting layer and a pair of opposing electrodes which nip thelight emitting layer therebetween. Light emission by the organic lightemitting element is a phenomenon in which, in a case in which anelectronic field is applied between the pair of electrodes which nip thelight emitting layer, electrons are injected from a cathode, whilepositive holes are injected from an anode, and these electrons andpositive holes are bound once again at the light emitting layer. Anenergy gap generated when energy level returns from a conduction band toa valence electron band is emitted as light.

[0005] Conventional organic light emitting elements have high drivingvoltage and also have low light emission luminance and light emissionefficiency. However, in recent years, an organic EL element formed bylaminating a thin film containing an organic compound having highfluorescent quantum efficiency and emitting light with application oflow voltage of 10 volts or less has been reported (Applied PhysicsLetters, vol. 51, p. 913, 1987) and has gathered attention. The methodof preparing the organic EL element uses a metal chelate complex as anelectron transporting layer, a fluorescent band layer as a lightemitting layer, and an amine compound as a positive hole transportinglayer, to obtain a light emitting element having a green light emittingcharacteristic with high luminance. On the other hand, in considerationof a case in which the organic EL element is used in a full colordisplay and a light source, practically, it is required to have theorganic light emitting element emit light of three primary colors orwhite light. As a method of having the organic light emitting elementemit light of a desired color, a method in which a fluorescent dye isdoped on a light emitting layer or the like to have the organic lightemitting element emit light of a desired color has been reported(Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 65, p. 3610, 1989). This method iseffective particularly for red light emission. With red light emission,it is difficult to use a single fluorescent dye as a light emittinglayer due to significant density quenching. This method is useful interms of accomplishing satisfactory color purity and high luminance.However, there is a problem with this method that, in a case in which anelement on which a dye has been doped by vapor deposition is produced, ahost material and a very small quantity of the fluorescent dye must bevapor-deposited together so that the operation thereof is troublesome.Further, inconsistency in performance of the manufactured organic lightemitting element is liable to occur. Therefore, in view ofsimplification of the manufacturing process and stabilization of theperformance of elements, development of a light emitting material whichhas a satisfactory color purity and which can be used as a lightemitting layer by itself, and particularly, development of a red lightemitting material which accomplishes satisfactory chromaticity andluminance even if it is used as a light emitting layer by itself, hasbeen desired.

[0006] On the other hand, in terms of organic EL elements, an elementwhich is laminated on the organic material by vacuum deposition achieveshigh luminance light emission. However, in view of simplification ofmanufacturing process, workability, expansion of the area and the like,it is desirable to produce the element by a coating method. However, anelement which is produced by a conventional coating method is inferiorto an element which is produced by a vapor deposition method in terms oflight emission luminance and light emission efficiency. Light emissionwith high luminance and high efficiency is a significant issue. As thecoating method, there is a method in which an organic low molecularcompound which is a light emitting element is applied dispersedly on anorganic polymer medium. However, with the light emitting elementproduced in such a way, there is a problem that, in a case in which thelight emitting element emits light for a long period, due to aggregationof an organic low molecular compound or the like, uniform sheet lightemission gradually becomes difficult.

[0007] Moreover, in recent years, for a dye for a filter, colorconversion filter, dye for photographic photosensitive material,sensitizing dye, dye for pulp dyeing, laser dye, fluorescent medicamentfor medical diagnosis, and material for an organic light emittingelement and the like, various materials which have fluorescentcharacteristics have been used, and demand therefor has increased.However, there is only a small variety of red fluorescent dyes whichhave strong fluorescent intensity and high color purity, and developmentof a new material has been desired.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0008] A first object of the present invention is to provide a red lightemitting element material with high color purity and a light emittingelement using the red light emitting element material.

[0009] A second object of the present invention is to provide agreen-to-red light emitting element material and light emitting elementcapable of light emission of high luminance and high efficiency with lowvoltage drive. The light emitting element material and light emittingelement have excellent stability when used repeatedly and are capable ofemitting light uniformly in a sheet form.

[0010] A third object of the present invention is to provide a lightemitting element and a green-to-red light emitting element materialenabling manufacture of the light emitting element, which has littledeviation in performance between elements and whose performance isstabilized.

[0011] A fourth object of the present invention is to provide a lightemitting element material which is capable of light emission of highluminance and high efficiency, even if the light emitting elementmaterial is produced by a coating method, and a light emitting elementusing such light emitting element material.

[0012] A fifth object of the present invention is to provide a compoundwhich has fluorescence ranging from green to red, with a strongfluorescent intensity.

[0013] The aforementioned objects are accomplished by means of firstthrough eleventh aspects described below.

[0014] A first aspect of the present invention is a light emittingelement material comprising a compound expressed by following generalformula (A):

[0015] wherein, in the general formula (A), R¹, R², and R³ may be thesame or different, may each have a substituent, and each independentlyrepresent an aryl group, heterocyclic group, or aliphatic hydrocarbongroup; at least two of the R¹, R², and R³ each independently representsan aryl group or heterocyclic group each of which may have asubstituent; at least one of the R¹, R², and R³ contains a groupexpressed by following general formula (B); and R¹, R², and R³ may linkwith each other to form a ring having 5 to 7 members,

[0016] wherein, in the general formula (B), R⁴ represents a heterocyclicgroup or electron attracting group; R⁵ represents a hydrogen atom orelectron attracting group; R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ each independently representsa hydrogen atom or substituent; R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ may combine with eachother to form a ring, or may combine with R¹, R², and R³, respectively,to form a ring; m represents 0, 1, or 2; and when only one groupexpressed by the general formula (B) is contained in the general formula(A), a case where R⁴ and R⁵ are both cyano groups at the same time isexcluded; and when R⁵ is a hydrogen atom, R⁴ represents a heterocyclicgroup which has aromatic rings and is formed from 3 to 7 rings.

[0017] A second aspect of the present invention is a light emittingelement material according to the first aspect, wherein the compoundexpressed by the general formula (A) is a compound expressed byfollowing general formula (I):

[0018] wherein, in the general formula (I), R²¹, R²², and R²³ may be thesame or different, may each have a substituent, and each independentlyrepresents an aryl group, heterocyclic group, or aliphatic hydrocarbongroup; at least two of the R²¹, R²², and R²³ each independentlyrepresents an aryl group or heterocyclic group each of which may have asubstituent; and, at least one of the R²¹, R²², and R²³ contains a groupexpressed by following general formula (II):

[0019] wherein, in the general formula (II), R²⁴ represents aheterocyclic group, cyano group, perfluoroalkyl group, oxycarbonylgroup, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfamoyl group, or R(C═X)-group; R²⁵ represents a hydrogen atom, cyano group, perfluoroalkylgroup, oxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfamoylgroup, or R (C═X)-group; R represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group,aryl group, or heterocyclic group; X represents an oxygen atom, sulfuratom, N—R^(A1), or CR^(A2)R^(A3); R^(A1), R^(A2), and R^(A3) eachindependently represents a hydrogen atom or substituent, excluding acase where R^(A2) and R^(A3) are both hydrogen atoms; R²⁶, R²⁷, and R²⁸each independently represents a hydrogen atom or substituent; mrepresents 0, 1, or 2; and when only one group expressed by the generalformula (II) is contained in the general formula (I), a case where R²⁴and R²⁵ are cyano groups at the same time is excluded; and when R²⁵ is ahydrogen atom, R²⁴ represents a heterocyclic group which has aromaticrings and is formed from 3 to 7 rings.

[0020] A third aspect of the present invention is a light emittingelement material according to the second aspect, wherein the compoundexpressed by the general formula (I) is a compound expressed byfollowing general formula (III):

[0021] wherein, in the general formula (III), Ar³¹ represents a divalentaryl group or heterocyclic group; R³² represents an aryl group,heterocyclic group, or aliphatic hydrocarbon group; R³⁴ represents aheterocyclic group, perfluoroalkyl group, cyano group, oxycarbonylgroup, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfamoyl group, or R(C═X)-group; R³⁵ represents a hydrogen atom, perfluoroalkyl group, cyanogroup, oxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfamoylgroup, or R (C═X)-group; R represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group,aryl group, or heterocyclic group; X represents an oxygen atom, sulfuratom, N—R^(A1), or CR^(A2)R^(A3); R^(A1), R^(A2) and R^(A3) eachindependently represents a hydrogen atom or substituent, excluding acase in which R^(A2) and R^(A3) are both hydrogen atoms; R³⁶, R³⁷, andR³⁸ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent; mrepresents 0, 1, or 2; p represents 1, 2, or 3; and when p is 2 or 3,two or more combinations of Ar³¹, R³⁴, R³⁵, R³⁶, R³⁷, R³⁸ and m may bethe same or different, and when p is 1, two R³²s may be the same ordifferent, at least one of the two R³²s represents an aryl group orheterocyclic group and a case in which R³⁴ and R³⁵ are cyano groups atthe same time is excluded; and when R³⁵ is a hydrogen atom, R³⁴represents a heterocyclic group which has aromatic rings and is formedfrom 3 to 7 rings.

[0022] A fourth aspect of the present invention is a light emittingelement material according to the second aspect, wherein the compoundexpressed by the general formula (I) is a compound expressed byfollowing general formula (IV):

[0023] wherein, in the general formula (IV), Ar⁴¹ represents a divalentaryl group or heterocyclic group; R⁴² represents an aryl group,heterocyclic group, or aliphatic hydrocarbon group; R⁴⁴ represents aheterocyclic group, perfluoroalkyl group, cyano group, oxycarbonylgroup, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfamoyl group, or R(C═X)-group; R⁴⁵ represents a hydrogen atom, cyano group, perfluoroalkylgroup, oxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfamoylgroup, or R (C═X)-group; R represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group,aryl group, or heterocyclic group; X represents an oxygen atom, sulfuratom, N—R^(A1), or CR^(A2)R^(A3); R^(A1), R^(A2) and R^(A3) eachindependently represents a hydrogen atom or substituent, excluding acase in which R^(A2) and R^(A3) are both hydrogen atoms; R⁴⁶, R⁴⁷, andR⁴⁸ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or substituent; mrepresents 0, 1, or 2; n represents an integer no than 2; two or morecombinations of Ar⁴¹, R⁴², R⁴⁴, R⁴⁶, R⁴⁷, R⁴⁸, and m may be the same ordifferent; L represents a linkage group having a valence of n; and atleast two of the Ar⁴¹, R⁴², and L each independently represents an arylgroup or heterocyclic group.

[0024] A fifth aspect of the present invention is a light emittingelement material according to the third aspect, wherein the compoundexpressed by the general formula (III) is a compound expressed byfollowing general formula (V):

[0025] wherein, in the general formula (V), R⁵² represents an arylgroup, heterocyclic group, or aliphatic hydrocarbon group; R⁵⁴represents a heterocyclic group, perfluoroalkyl group, cyano group,oxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfamoyl group, orR (C═X)-group; R⁵⁵ represents a hydrogen atom, perfluoroalkyl group,cyano group, oxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group,sulfamoyl group, or R (C═X)-group; R represents an aliphatic hydrocarbongroup, aryl group, or heterocyclic group; X represents an oxygen atom,sulfur atom, N—R^(A1), or CR^(A2)R^(A3); R^(A1), R^(A2) and R^(A3) eachindependently represents a hydrogen atom or substituent, excluding acase in which R^(A2) and R^(A3) are both hydrogen atoms; R⁵⁶, R⁵⁷, andR⁵⁸ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or substituent; R⁵⁹represents a substituent; q represents an integer from 0 to 4; when q is2, 3, or 4, two or more R⁵⁹s may be the same or different; m represents0, 1, or 2; p represents 1, 2, or 3; when p is 2 or 3, two or morecombinations of R⁵², R⁵⁴, R⁵⁵, R⁵⁶, R⁵⁷, R⁵⁸, R⁵⁹, m, and q may be thesame or different, and when p is 1, at least one of the two R⁵²srepresents an aryl group or heterocyclic group and a case where R³⁴ andR³⁵ are both cyano groups is excluded; and when R⁵⁵ is a hydrogen atom,R⁵⁴ represents a heterocyclic group which has aromatic rings and isformed from 3 to 7 rings.

[0026] A sixth aspect of the present invention is a light emittingelement material according to the fourth aspect, wherein the compoundexpressed by the general formula (IV) is a compound expressed byfollowing general formula (VI):

[0027] wherein, in the general formula (VI), R⁶⁴ represents aheterocyclic group, a perfluoroalkyl group, cyano group, oxycarbonylgroup, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfamoyl group, or R(C═X)-group; R⁶⁵ represents a hydrogen atom, perfluoroalkyl group, cyanogroup, oxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfamoylgroup, or R (C═X)-group; R represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group,aryl group, or heterocyclic group; X represents an oxygen atom, sulfuratom, N—R^(A1), or CR^(A2)R^(A3); R^(A1), R^(A2) and R^(A3) eachindependently represents a hydrogen atom or substituent, excluding acase in which R^(A2) and R^(A3) are both hydrogen atoms; R⁶⁶, R⁶⁷, andR⁶⁸ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or substituent; R⁶⁹and R⁶⁰ each independently represents a substituent; q represents aninteger which is of from 0 to 4; r represents an integer which is offrom 0 to 5; when q is 2, 3, or 4 and when r is 2, 3, 4, or 5, two ormore R⁶⁹s and two or more R⁶⁰s may be the same or different,respectively; m represents 0, 1, or 2; n represents an integer which isno less than 2; two or more combinations of R⁶⁰, R⁶⁴, R⁶⁵, R⁶⁶, R⁶⁷,R⁶⁸, R⁶⁹, m, q, and r may be the same or different from each other; andL represents a linkage group having a valence of n.

[0028] A seventh aspect of the present invention is a light emittingelement material according to the fifth aspect, wherein the compoundexpressed by the general formula (V) is a compound expressed byfollowing general formula (VII):

[0029] wherein, in the general formula (VII), R⁷² represents an arylgroup, heterocyclic group, or aliphatic hydrocarbon group; R⁷⁴represents a heterocyclic group, perfluoroalkyl group, cyano group,oxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfamoyl group, orR (C═X)-group; R⁷⁵ represents a hydrogen atom, perfluoroalkyl group,cyano group, oxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group,sulfamoyl group, or R (C═X)-group; R represents an aliphatic hydrocarbongroup, aryl group, or heterocyclic group; X represents an oxygen atom,sulfur atom, N—R^(A1), or CR^(A2)R^(A3); R^(A1), R^(A2) and R^(A3) eachindependently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, excluding acase in which R^(A2) and R^(A3) are both hydrogen atoms; R⁷⁶ representsa hydrogen atom or substituent; R⁷⁹ represents a substituent; qrepresents an integer which is of from 0 to 4; when q is 2, 3, or 4, twoor more R⁷⁹s may be the same or different; p represents 1, 2, or 3; andwhen p is 2 or 3, two or more combinations of R⁷², R⁷⁴, R⁷⁵, R⁷⁶, R⁷⁹,and q may be the same or may be different, and when p is 1, two R⁷²s maybe the same or different, and at least one of the two R⁷²s represents anaryl group or heterocyclic group, excluding a case in which R⁷⁴ and R⁷⁵are cyano groups at the same time; and when R⁷⁵ is a hydrogen atom, R⁷⁴represents a heterocyclic group which has aromatic rings and is formedfrom 3 to 7 rings.

[0030] An eighth aspect of the present invention is a light emittingelement material according to the sixth aspect, wherein the compoundexpressed by the general formula (VI) is a compound expressed byfollowing general formula (VIII):

[0031] wherein, in the general formula (VIII), R⁸⁴ represents aheterocyclic group, perfluoroalkyl group, cyano group, oxycarbonylgroup, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfamoyl group, or R(C═X)-group; R⁸⁵ represents a hydrogen atom, perfluoroalkyl group, cyanogroup, oxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfamoylgroup, or R (C═X)-group; R represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group,aryl group, or heterocyclic group; X represents an oxygen atom, sulfuratom, N—R^(A1), or CR^(A2)R^(A3); R^(A1), R^(A2) and R^(A3) eachindependently represents a hydrogen atom or substituent, excluding acase in which R^(A2) and R^(A3) are both hydrogen atoms; R⁸⁶ representsa hydrogen atom or a substituent; R⁸⁹ and R⁸⁰ each independentlyrepresents a substituent; q represents an integer which is of from 0 to4; r represents an integer which is of from 0 to 5; when q is 2, 3, or 4and when r is 2, 3, 4, or 5, two or more R⁸⁹s and two or more R⁸⁰s maybe the same or different, respectively; n represents an integer which isno less than 2; two or more combinations of R⁸⁰, R⁸⁴, R⁸⁵, R⁸⁶, R⁸⁹, q,and r may be the same or different; and L represents a linkage grouphaving a valence of n.

[0032] An ninth aspect of the present invention is an amine compoundwhich is expressed by following general formula (IX):

[0033] wherein, in the general formula (IX), R⁹⁴ represents aheterocyclic group, perfluoroalkyl group, cyano group, oxycarbonylgroup, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfamoyl group, or R(C═X)-group; R⁹⁵ represents a hydrogen atom, perfluoroalkyl group, cyanogroup, oxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfamoylgroup, or R (C═X)-group; R represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group,aryl group, or heterocyclic group; X represents an oxygen atom, sulfuratom, N—R^(A1), or CR^(A2)R^(A3); R^(A1), R^(A2) and R^(A3) eachindependently represents a hydrogen atom or substituent, excluding acase in which R^(A2) and R^(A3) are both hydrogen atoms; R⁹⁶ representsa hydrogen atom or substituent; R⁹⁹ and R⁹⁰ each independentlyrepresents a substituent; q represents an integer which is of from 0 to4; r represents an integer which is of from 0 to 5; when q is 2, 3, or 4and when r is 2, 3, 4, or 5, a plurality of R⁹⁹ and a plurality of R⁹⁰may be the same or different, respectively; n represents an integerwhich is no less than 2; two or more combinations of R⁹⁰, R⁹⁴, R⁹⁵, R⁹⁶,R⁹⁹, q, and r may be the same or different; and L represents a linkagegroup having a valence of n.

[0034] A tenth aspect of the present invention is a light emittingelement, wherein, in an organic light emitting element comprising a pairof electrodes and one or more organic thin film layers provided betweenthe pair of electrodes, the organic thin film layers contain the lightemitting element material according to either of the first througheighth aspects or the amine compound according to the ninth aspect.

[0035] An eleventh aspect of the present invention is a light emittingelement according to the tenth aspect, wherein the light emittingelement material or the amine compound is dispersed in a polymer.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0036] {circle over (1)} Compound Expressed by General Formula (A):

[0037] wherein, in the general formula (A), R¹, R², and R³ may be thesame or different, and each independently represents an aryl group,heterocyclic group, or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group; and at least twoof the R¹, R², and R³ each independently represents an aryl group orheterocyclic group.

[0038] The aryl group expressed by R¹, R², and R³ is, preferably an arylgroup with a single ring or two to four rings and having 6 to 30 carbons(examples thereof include a phenyl group, naphthyl group, anthryl group,phenanthryl group, pyrenyl group, indenyl group, and the like), morepreferably a phenyl group, naphthyl group, anthryl group or phenanthrylgroup having 6 to 20 carbons, and even more preferably a phenyl group,naphthyl group or phenanthryl group having 6 to 14 carbons.

[0039] The heterocyclic group expressed by R¹, R², and R³ is a saturatedor unsaturated heterocyclic group having 3 to 10 members which includesat least one of a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, and a sulfur atom.These heterocyclic groups may have a single ring structure, and further,may form a fused ring with other rings. The heterocyclic group is,preferably an aromatic heterocyclic group having 5 to 6 members, morepreferably an aromatic heterocyclic group having 5 to 6 members whichincludes a nitrogen atom, oxygen atom, or sulfur atom, and even morepreferably an aromatic heterocyclic group having 5 to 6 members whichincludes 1 to 2 nitrogen atoms or 1 to 2 sulfur atoms.

[0040] Specific examples of the aromatic heterocycle include apyrolidine, piperidine, piperazine, morpholine, thiophene, furan,pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyridazine, triazole,triazine, indole, indazole, purine, thiazoline, thiazole, thiadiazole,oxazoline, oxazole, oxadiazole, quinoline, isoquinoline, phthalazine,naphthyridine, quinoxaline, quinazoline, cinnoline, pteridine,acridinephenanthroline, phenazine, tetrazole, benzimidazole,benzoxazole, benzothiazole, benzotriazole, tetrazaindene, and the like.Among them, a thiophene, pyridine, and quinoline are preferable.

[0041] Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group represented by R¹,R², and R³ include a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group (a linear,branched, or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbons is preferable,one having 1 to 12 carbons is more preferable, and one having 1 to 8carbons is particularly preferable; examples thereof include a methylgroup, ethyl group, isopropyl group, tert-butyl group, n-octyl group,n-decyl group, n-hexadecyl group, cyclopropyl group, cyclopentyl group,cyclohexyl group, and the like); alkenyl group (a linear, branched, orcyclic alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbons is preferable, one having 2to 12 carbons is more preferable, and one having 2 to 8 carbons isparticularly preferable; and examples thereof include a vinyl group,allyl group, 2-butenyl group, 3-pentenyl group, and the like), alkynylgroup (a linear, branched, or cyclic alkynyl group having 2 to 20carbons is preferable, one having 2 to 12 carbons is more preferable,and one having 2 to 8 carbons is particularly preferable; examplesthereof include a propargyl group, 3-pentynyl group, and the like).Among them, the alkyl group is preferable.

[0042] The aryl group, heterocyclic group, and aliphatic hydrocarbongroup represented by R¹, R², and R³ may have substituents. Examples ofsuch substituents include an alkyl group (an alkyl group having 1 to 20carbons is preferable, one having 1 to 12 carbons is more preferable,and one having 1 to 8 carbons is particularly preferable; examplesthereof include a methyl group, ethyl group, isopropyl group, tert-butylgroup, n-octyl group, n-decyl group, n-hexadecyl group, cyclopropylgroup, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, and the like); alkenyl group(an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbons is preferable, one having 2 to12 carbons is more preferable, and one having 2 to 8 carbons isparticularly preferable; examples thereof include a vinyl group, allylgroup, 2-butenyl group, 3-pentenyl group, and the like); alkynyl group(one having 2 to 20 carbons is preferable, and one having 2 to 12carbons is more preferable, and one having 2 to 8 carbons isparticularly preferable; examples thereof include a propargyl group,3-pentynyl group, and the like); aryl group (an aryl group having 6 to30 carbons is preferable, one having 6 to 20 carbons is more preferable,and one having 6 to 12 carbons is particularly preferable; examplesthereof include a phenyl group, p-methylphenyl group, naphthyl group,and the like); amino group (an amino group having 0 to 20 carbons ispreferable, one having 0 to 10 carbons is more preferable, and onehaving 0 to 6 carbons is particularly preferable; examples thereofinclude an amino group, methylamino group, dimethylamino group,diethylamino group, dibenzylamino group, and the like); alkoxy group (analkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbons is preferable, one having 1 to 12carbons is more preferable, and one having 1 to 8 carbons isparticularly preferable; examples thereof include a methoxy group,ethoxy group, butoxy group, and the like); aryloxy group (an aryloxygroup having 6 to 20 carbons is preferable, one having 6 to 16 carbonsis more preferable, and one having 6 to 12 carbons is particularlypreferable; examples thereof include a phenyloxy group, 2-naphthyloxygroup, and the like); acyl group (an acyl group having 1 to 20 carbonsis preferable, one having 1 to 16 carbons is more preferable, and onehaving 1 to 12 carbons is particularly preferable; examples thereofinclude an acetyl group, benzoyl group, formyl group, pivaloyl group,and the like); alkoxycarbonyl group (an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to20 carbons is preferable, one having 2 to 16 carbons is more preferable,and one having 2 to 12 carbons is particularly preferable; examplesthereof include a methoxycarbonyl group, ethoxycarbonyl group, and thelike); aryloxycarbonyl group (an aryloxycarbonyl group having 7 to 20carbons is preferable, one having 7 to 16 carbons is more preferable,and one having 7 to 10 carbons is particularly preferable; examplesthereof include a phenyloxycarbonyl group, and the like); acyloxy group(an acyloxy group having 2 to 20 carbons is preferable, one having 2 to16 carbons is more preferable, and one having 2 to 10 carbons isparticularly preferable; examples thereof include an acetoxy group,benzoyloxy group, and the like); acylamino group (an acylamino grouphaving 2 to 20 carbons is preferable, one having 2 to 16 carbons is morepreferable, and one having 2 to 10 carbons is particularly preferable;examples thereof include an acetylamino group, benzoylamino group, andthe like); alkoxycarbonylamino group (an alkoxycarbonylamino grouphaving 2 to 20 carbons is preferable, one having 2 to 16 carbons is morepreferable, and one having 2 to 12 carbons is particularly preferable;examples thereof include a methoxycarbonylamino group, and the like);aryloxycarbonylamino group (an aryloxycarbonylamino group having 7 to 20carbons is preferable, one having 7 to 16 carbons is more preferable,and one having 7 to 12 carbons is particularly preferable; examplesthereof include a phenyloxycarbonylamino group, and the like);sulfonylamino group (a sulfonylamino group having 1 to 20 carbons ispreferable, one having 1 to 16 carbons is more preferable, and onehaving 1 to 12 carbons is particularly preferable; examples thereofinclude a methanesulfonylamino group, benzenesulfonylamino group, andthe like); sulfamoyl group (a sulfamoyl group having 0 to 20 carbons ispreferable, one having 0 to 16 carbons is more preferable, and onehaving 0 to 12 carbons is particularly preferable; examples thereofinclude a sulfamoyl group, methylsulfamoyl group, dimethylsulfamoylgroup, phenylsulfamoyl group, and the like); carbamoyl group (acarbamoyl group having 1 to 20 carbons is preferable, one having 1 to 16carbons is more preferable, and one having 1 to 12 carbons isparticularly preferable; examples thereof include a carbamoyl group,methylcarbamoyl group, diethylcarbamoyl group, phenylcarbamoyl group,and the like); alkylthio group (an alkylthio group having 1 to 20carbons is preferable, one having 1 to 16 carbons is more preferable,and one having 1 to 12 carbons is particularly preferable; examplesthereof include a methylthio group, ethylthio group, and the like);arylthio group (an arylthio group having 6 to 20 carbons is preferable,one having 6 to 16 carbons is more preferable, and one having 6 to 12carbons is particularly preferable; examples thereof include aphenylthio group, and the like); sulfonyl group (a sulfonyl group having1 to 20 carbons is preferable, one having 1 to 16 carbons is morepreferable, and one having 1 to 12 carbons is particularly preferable;examples thereof include a mesyl group, tosyl group, and the like);sulfinyl group (a sulfinyl group having 1 to 20 carbons is preferable,one having 1 to 16 carbons is more preferable, and one having 1 to 12carbons is particularly preferable; examples thereof include amethanesulfinyl group, benzenesulfinyl group, and the like); ureidogroup (an ureido group having 1 to 20 carbons is preferable, one having1 to 16 carbons is more preferable, and one having 1 to 12 carbons isparticularly preferable; examples thereof include an ureido group,methylureido group, phenylureido group, and the like); phosphoricamidegroup (a phosphoricamide group having 1 to 20 carbons is preferable, onehaving 1 to 16 carbons is more preferable, and one having 1 to 12carbons is particularly preferable; examples thereof include adiethylphosphoricamide group, phenylphosphoricamide group, and thelike); hydroxy group; mercapto group; halogen atom (for example, afluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, and iodine atom); cyanogroup; sulfo group; carboxyl group; nitro group; hydroxamic acid group;sulfino group; hydrazino group; imino group; heterocyclic group (aheterocyclic group having 1 to 20 carbons is preferable, and one having1 to 12 carbons is more preferable; examples of a hetero atom include anitrogen atom, oxygen atom, sulfur atom, and the like, and specificexamples of the heterocyclic group include a pyrolidine, piperidine,piperazine, morpholine, thiophene, furan, pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole,pyridine, pyrazine, pyridazine, triazole, triazine, indole, indazole,purine, thiazoline, thiazole, thiadiazole, oxazoline, oxazole,oxadiazole, quinoline, isoquinoline, phthalazine, naphthyridine,quinoxaline, quinazoline, cinnoline, pteridine, acridinephenanthroline,phenazine, tetrazole, benzimidazole, benzoxazole, benzothiazole,benzotriazole, tetrazaindene, carbazole, benzoazepine, and the like);silyl group (a silyl group having 3 to 40 carbons is preferable, onehaving 3 to 30 carbons is more preferable, and one having 3 to 24carbons is particularly preferable; examples thereof include atrimethylsilyl group, triphenylsilyl group, and the like); and the like.

[0043] These substituents may be substituted further. Moreover, in acase in which there are two or more substituents, the two or moresubstituents may be the same or different. Further, in a case in whichit is possible, they may combine with each other to form a ring.

[0044] Among the substituents given as examples, an alkyl group, alkenylgroup, aralkyl group, aryl group, alkoxy group, amino group, acyl group,alkoxycarbonyl group, aryloxycarbonyl group, carbonylamino group,sulfonylamino group, sulfamoyl group, carbamoyl group, hydroxy group,and heterocyclic group are preferable; an alkyl group, alkenyl group,aralkyl group, aryl group, alkoxy group, amino group, carbonylaminogroup, sulfonylamino group, and heterocyclic group are more preferable;and, an alkyl group, alkenyl group, aryl group, alkoxy group, andsubstituted amino group are particularly preferable. Here, thesubstituted amino group is a group represented by —NR^(a) (R^(b)), andR^(a) and R^(b) may be the same or different, and each independentlyrepresents an alkyl group, alkenyl group, aralkyl group, aryl group, orheterocyclic group.

[0045] Further, R¹, R², and R³ may combine with each other to form aring having 5 to 7 members.

[0046] Examples of a 5 membered ring formed by R¹, R² and R³ include acarbazole and the like. Examples of the 6 membered ring formed by R¹, R²and R³ include a phenothiazine, phenoxazine, acrydone, and the like.Examples of the 7 membered ring formed by R¹, R², and R³ include adibenzoazepine, tribenzoazepine, dihydrobenzoazepine, and the like.

[0047] In the general formula (A), at least one of the R¹, R², and R³contains a group expressed by following general formula (B):

[0048] wherein, in the general formula (B), R⁴ represents a heterocyclicgroup or electron attracting group; R⁵ represents a hydrogen atom orelectron attracting group; the heterocyclic group represented by R⁴ is asaturated or unsaturated heterocyclic group having 3 to 10 members whichincludes at least one of a nitrogen atom, oxygen atom, and sulfur atom,and these (heterocyclic groups) may be a single ring, and further, mayform a fused ring with other rings; and, as the heterocyclic group, anaromatic heterocyclic group having 5 to 6 members is preferable, and anaromatic heterocyclic group having 5 to 6 members which includes anitrogen atom, oxygen atom, or a sulfur atom is more preferable, and anaromatic heterocyclic group having 5 to 6 members which includes 1 to 2nitrogen atoms or 1 to 2 sulfur atoms is particularly preferable.

[0049] Specific examples of the aromatic heterocycle include apyrolidine, piperidine, piperazine, morpholine, thiophene, furan,pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyridazine, triazole,triazine, indole, indazole, purine, thiazoline, thiazole, thiadiazole,oxazoline, oxazole, oxadiazole, quinoline, isoquinoline, phthalazine,naphthyridine, quinoxaline, quinazoline, cinnoline, pteridine,acridinephenanthroline, phenazine, tetrazole, benzimidazole,benzoxazole, benzothiazole, benzotriazole, tetrazaindene, and the like.These may have substituents, and may form fused rings.

[0050] Examples of such substituents include the examples ofsubstituents for R¹, R², and R³, and examples of such fused ringsinclude a benzo fused ring, naphth fused ring, and hetero fused ring.

[0051] Preferable examples of the heterocycle include thiophene, furan,pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyridazine, triazole,triazine, indole, indazole, thiazoline, thiazole, thiadiazole,oxazoline, oxazole, oxadiazole, quinoline, benzimidazole, benzoxazole,benzothiazole, and benzotriazole.

[0052] As an electron attracting group represented by R⁴ and R⁵, a grouphaving a Hammett value of σp>0.35 is preferable. Examples of suchelectron attracting groups include a cyano group, perfluoroalkyl group,oxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfamoyl group,sulfinyl group, R (C═X) group (R and X are defined in the same manner asR and X in following general formula (II)), formyl group, carboxylgroup, pentafluorophenyl group, perfluoroalkylamino group,perfluoroalkyloxy group, ester phosphonate, amido phosphonate,sulfonyloxy group, ammonio group, azo group, nitro group, nitroso group,electron deficiency heterocyclic group, and the like. However, in a casein which only one group represented by the general formula (B) iscontained in the general formula (A), R⁴ and R⁵ can not both be a cyanogroup. time is excluded. When R⁵ is a hydrogen atom, R⁴ represents aheterocyclic group which has aromatic rings and is formed from 3 to 7rings.

[0053] In the general formula (B), R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ each independentlyrepresents a hydrogen atom or substituent. Examples of substituents thatR⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ each represents include the examples of the substituentsfor an aryl group, heterocyclic group, and aliphatic hydrocarbon grouprepresented by R¹, R², and R³. Further, R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ may combine witheach other to form a ring, and may combine with R¹, R², and R³,respectively, to form a ring. Examples of the ring include a saturatedor unsaturated carbon cycle or heterocycle, which each have 5 to 7members, and the ring may be a fused ring. m represents 0, 1, or 2.Among these integers, m=0 or 1 is preferable, and m=0 is morepreferable.

[0054] Regarding the compound expressed by the general formula (A),preferable combinations of R¹-R⁸ will be explained.

[0055] R¹, R², and R³ may be the same or different from each other.Preferably, each of the R¹, R², and R³ is an aryl group with a singlering or two to four rings and having 6 to 30 carbons (for example, aphenyl group, naphthyl group, anthryl group, phenanthryl group, pyrenylgroup, indenyl group, and the like); aromatic heterocyclic group having5 to 6 members which contains a nitrogen atom, oxygen atom, or sulfuratom; or alkyl group, alkenyl group, or alkynyl group having 1 to 20carbons; and at least two of the R¹, R², and R³ each independentlyrepresent one of the preferable aryl groups or the preferableheterocyclic groups, and at least one of the R¹, R², and R³ contains agroup expressed by the general formula (B), as a substituent. R¹, R²,and R³ may each independently have substituents, and, preferableexamples of such substituents include an alkyl group, alkenyl group,aralkyl group, aryl group, alkoxy group, amino group, acyl group,alkoxycarbonyl group, aryloxycarbonyl group, carbonylamino group,sulfonylamino group, sulfamoyl group, carbamoyl group, hydroxy group,and heterocyclic group. These substituents may be substituted further.

[0056] In the general formula (B), R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ each independentlyrepresents a hydrogen atom or substituent, and preferable examples ofthe substituent include an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbons, alkoxygroup having 1 to 20 carbons, alkylthio group having 1 to 20 carbons,alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbons, acyl group having 2 to 20 carbons,sulfonyl group having 1 to 20 groups, alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to20 carbons, and carbonamide group having 1 to 20 carbons, and cyanogroup. R⁴ represents a heterocyclic group or electron attracting group,and R⁵ represents a hydrogen atom or electron attracting group. As theelectron attracting group, an electron attracting group in which σp>0.35is preferable. It is preferable that the sum of the σp of the electronattracting groups of R⁴ and R⁵ is from 0.35 or more to 1.3 or less.

[0057] A further preferable aspect of the compound expressed by thegeneral formula (A) is a compound expressed by following general formula(I).

[0058] {circle over (2)} Compound Expressed by General Formula (I):

[0059] wherein, in the general formula (I), R²¹, R²², and R²³ may be thesame or different from each other, and each independently represents anaryl group, heterocyclic group, or aliphatic hydrocarbon group; at leasttwo of the R²¹, R²², and R²³ each independently represents an aryl groupor heterocyclic group; the R²¹, R²², and R²³ may each have substituents,and at least one of the R²¹, R²², and R²³ contains a group expressed byfollowing general formula (II):

[0060] wherein, in the general formula (II), R²⁴ represents aheterocyclic group, cyano group, perfluoroalkyl group, oxycarbonylgroup, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfamoyl group, or R(C═X)-group; R²⁵ represents a hydrogen atom, cyano group, perfluoroalkylgroup, oxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfamoylgroup, or R (C═X)-group; R represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group,aryl group, or heterocyclic group; X represents an oxygen atom, sulfuratom, N—R^(A1), or CR^(A2)R^(A3); R^(A1), R^(A2), and R^(A3) eachindependently represents a hydrogen atom or substituent; R²⁶, R²⁷, andR²⁸ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or substituent; and mrepresents 0, 1, or 2. However, in a case in which only one grouprepresented by the general formula (II) is contained in the generalformula (I), R²⁴ and R²⁵ do not represent a cyano group at the sametime. When R²⁵ is a hydrogen atom, R²⁴ represents a heterocyclic groupwhich has aromatic rings and is formed from 3 to 7 rings.

[0061] Further, R²¹, R²², and R²³ in the general formula (I), and R²⁶,R²⁷, and R²⁸ in the general formula (II) have the same definition as R¹,R², and R³ in the general formula (A), and R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ in the generalformula (B), respectively.

[0062] The heterocyclic group represented by R²⁴ have the samedescription as the heterocyclic group described with regards to R²⁴ inthe general formula (B).

[0063] The perfluoroalkyl group represented by R²⁴ and R²⁵ may have alinear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group having a fluorine as asubstituent (preferably a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group having1 to 30 carbons, more preferably one having 1 to 20 carbons, andparticularly preferably one having 1 to 12 carbons; examples thereofinclude a trifluoromethyl group, pentafluoromethyl group, and the like).

[0064] An oxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, andsulfamoyl group represented by R²⁴ and R²⁵ are respectively anoxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, and sulfamoyl groupeach substituted with an aliphatic hydrocarbon, aryl group orheterocyclic group. Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon whichsubstitutes the oxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, andthe sulfamoyl group include a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group(preferably a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 30carbons, more preferably one having 1 to 20 carbons, and particularlypreferably one having 1 to 12 carbons; examples thereof include a methylgroup, ethyl group, isopropyl group, tert-butyl group, n-octyl group,n-decyl group, n-hexadecyl group, cyclopropyl group, cyclopentyl group,cyclohexyl group, trifluoromethyl group, and the like), alkenyl group(an alkenyl group having 2 to 30 carbons, more preferably one having 2to 20 carbons, and particularly preferably one having 2 to 12 carbons;examples thereof include a vinyl group, allyl group, 2-butenyl group,3-pentenyl group, and the like), alkynyl group (preferably an alkynylgroup having 2 to 30 carbons, more preferably one having 2 to 20carbons, and particularly preferably one having 2 to 12 carbons;examples thereof include a propargyl group, 3-pentynyl group, and thelike); an alkyl group and alkenyl group are preferable; and, a methylgroup, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group, trifluoromethyl group,allyl group and the like are more preferable.

[0065] Examples of the aryl group which substitute the oxycarbonylgroup, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, or sulfamoyl group include:preferably an aryl group with a single ring or two rings and having 6 to30 carbons (for example, a phenyl group, naphthyl group, and the like),more preferably a phenyl group having 6 to 20 carbons, and particularlypreferably, a phenyl group having 6 to 12 carbons, and the like.Examples of the heterocyclic group which substitute the oxycarbonylgroup, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, or sulfamoyl group include asaturated or unsaturated heterocycle having 3 to 10 members whichcontains at least one of a nitrogen atom, oxygen atom, and a sulfuratom, wherein the heterocyclic group may be a single ring, or mayfurther form a fused ring with other rings. This heterocyclic group hasthe same description as the heterocyclic group represented by the R⁴.

[0066] R in R (C═X)-group expressed by R²⁴ and R²⁵ represents analiphatic hydrocarbon group, aryl group, or a heterocyclic group, whichhave the same respective definitions as the aliphatic hydrocarbon group,aryl group, or the heterocyclic group which were described with regardsto the oxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, and thesulfamoyl group represented by the R⁴. X represents an oxygen atom,sulfur atom, N—R^(A1), or CR^(A2)R^(A3). R^(A1), R^(A2) and R^(A3)represent a hydrogen atom or substituent, respectively. An aliphatichydrocarbon group, aryl group, and heterocyclic group represented byR^(A1) have the same definitions as the aliphatic hydrocarbon group,aryl group, and heterocyclic group, respectively, which were describedwith regards to the oxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group,and sulfamoyl group. These may have substituents, and examples of suchsubstituents are the same as those given as substituents for R¹, R², andR³. As R^(A1), an alkyl group, alkenyl group, and aryl group arepreferable, and an alkyl group and phenyl group are more preferable.

[0067] Examples of the substituents represented by R^(A2) and R^(A3) arethe same as those illustrated as substituents for R¹, R², and R³.Preferably, R^(A2) and R^(A3) each independently represents a hydrogenatom, cyano group, oxycarbonyl group, acyl group, sulfonyl group,thioether group, carbamoyl group, or a sulfamoyl group (however, R^(A2)and R^(A3) are not both hydrogen atoms). The oxycarbonyl group, acylgroup, sulfonyl group, or thioether group represented by R^(A2) andR^(A3) are respectively the oxycarbonyl group, acyl group, sulfonylgroup, or thioether group which were substituted with an aliphatichydrocarbon group, aryl group, or heterocyclic group. In this case, someof the aliphatic hydrocarbon group, aryl group, and the heterocyclicgroup have the same definition as the aliphatic hydrocarbon group, arylgroup, and heterocyclic group represented by the R^(A1). The carbamoylgroup or sulfamoyl group represented by R^(A2) and R^(A3) are anunsubstituted carbamoyl group and sulfamoyl group, or a carbamoyl groupand sulfamoyl group which were substituted with an aliphatic hydrocarbongroup, aryl group, and heterocyclic group. Some of the aliphatichydrocarbon group, aryl group, and the heterocyclic group in this casehave the same definition as the aliphatic hydrocarbon group, aryl group,and heterocyclic group represented by the R^(A1).

[0068] Regarding the compound expressed by the general formula (I),preferable combinations of R²¹-R²⁸ will be explained.

[0069] The preferable combinations of R²¹, R²², R²³, R²⁶, R²⁷, and R²⁸are the same as those for R¹, R², R³, R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸, in the generalformula (A), respectively.

[0070] Examples of preferable combinations of R²⁴ and R²⁵ includes acombination in which R²⁴ represents a heterocyclic group, perfluoroalkylgroup having 1 to 20 carbons, cyano group, oxycarbonyl group having 2 to20 carbons, carbamoyl group having 2 to 20 carbons, sulfonyl grouphaving 1 to 20 carbons, sulfamoyl group having 1 to 20 carbons, or R(C═X)-group having 2 to 20 carbons, and R²⁵ represents a hydrogen atom,perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbons, cyano group, oxycarbonylgroup having 2 to 20 carbons, carbamoyl group having 2 to 20 carbons,sulfonyl group having 1 to 20 carbons, sulfamoyl group having 1 to 20carbons, or R (C═X)-group having 2 to 20 carbons.

[0071] Examples of combinations of R²⁴ and R²⁵ which are more preferableinclude a combination in which, when R²⁴ represents a heterocyclicgroup, R²⁵ represents a hydrogen atom, perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to20 carbons, cyano group, oxycarbonyl group having 2 to 20 carbons,carbamoyl group having 2 to 20 carbons, sulfonyl group having 1 to 20carbons, sulfamoyl group having 1 to 20 carbons, or R (C═X)-group having2 to 20 carbons; and a combination in which, when R²⁴ represents anoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 20 carbons, carbamoyl group having 2 to 20carbons, sulfonyl group having 1 to 20 carbons, or R (C═X)-group having2 to 20 carbons, R²⁵ represents a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 20carbons, cyano group, oxycarbonyl group having 2 to 20 carbons,carbamoyl group having 2 to 20 carbons, sulfonyl group having 1 to 20carbons, sulfamoyl group having 1 to 20 carbons, or R (C═X)-group having2 to 20 carbons.

[0072] Examples of combinations of R²⁴ and R²⁵ which are particularlypreferable include a combination in which, when R²⁴ represents aheterocyclic group, R²⁵ represents a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 20carbons, cyano group, oxycarbonyl group having 2 to 20 carbons,carbamoyl group having 2 to 20 carbons, sulfonyl group having 1 to 20carbons, sulfamoyl group having 1 to 20 carbons, or R (C═X)-group having2 to 20 carbons; and a combination in which, when R²⁴ represents anoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 20 carbons, sulfonyl group having 2 to 20carbons, or acyl group having 2 to 20 carbons (X in R (C═X)-group is anoxygen atom), R²⁵ represents a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 20carbons, cyano group, oxycarbonyl group having 2 to 20 carbons,carbamoyl group having 2 to 20 carbons, sulfonyl group having 1 to 20carbons, sulfamoyl group having 1 to 20 carbons, or acyl group having 2to 20 carbons (X in R (C═X)-group is an oxygen atom).

[0073] Examples of combinations of R²⁴ and R²⁵ which are particularlypreferable include: a combination in which, when R²⁴ represents, as aheterocyclic group, a thiophene, furan, pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole,pyridine, pyrazine, pyridazine, triazole, triazine, indole, indazole,thiazoline, thiazole, thiadiazole, oxazoline, oxazole, oxadiazole,quinoline, benzimidazole, benzoxazole, benzothiazole, or benzotriazole,R²⁵ represents a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbons, cyanogroup, oxycarbonyl group having 2 to 20 carbons, sulfonyl group having 1to 20 carbons, sulfamoyl group having 1 to 20 carbons, or an acyl grouphaving 2 to 20 carbons (X in R (C═X)-group is an oxygen atom); and acombination in which, when R²⁴ represents an alkyloxycarbonyl grouphaving 2 to 20 carbons, sulfonyl group having 1 to 20 carbons, or anacyl group having 2 to 20 carbons, R²⁵ represents a cyano group,alkyloxycarbonyl group having 2 to 20 carbons, sulfonyl group having 1to 20 carbons, or acyl group having 2 to 20 carbons (X in R (C═X)-groupis an oxygen atom); and, as an acyl group for R²⁴, an acyl group inwhich R has a heterocycle is most preferable.

[0074] Aspects of the compound expressed by the general formula (I)which are further preferable are compounds expressed by followinggeneral formula (III) and following general formula (IV).

[0075] {circle over (3)} Compound Expressed by General Formula (III):

[0076] wherein, in the general formula (III), Ar³¹ represents a divalentaryl group or heterocyclic group; R³² represents an aryl group,heterocyclic group, or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, wherein the arylgroup, heterocyclic group, and aliphatic hydrocarbon group have the samerespective definition as the aryl group, heterocyclic group, andaliphatic hydrocarbon group which were described with regards to R¹, R²,and R³ in the general formula (A), and their preferable ranges are thesame as those described for R¹, R², and R³ in the general formula (A);R³⁴ represents a heterocyclic group, perfluoroalkyl group, cyano group,oxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfamoyl group, orR (C═X)-group; R³⁵ represents a hydrogen atom,-perfluoroalkyl group,cyano group, oxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group,sulfamoyl group, or R (C═X)-group; R represents an aliphatic hydrocarbongroup, aryl group, or heterocyclic group, X represents an oxygen atom,sulfur atom, N—R^(A1), or CR^(A2)R^(A3), and R^(A1), R^(A2) and R^(A3)each independently represents a hydrogen atom or substituent; R³⁶, R³⁷,and R³⁸ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or substituent;these R³⁴, R³⁵, R³⁶, R³⁷, and R³⁸ have the same definition as R²⁴, R²⁵,R²⁶, R²⁷, and R²⁸ in the general formula (II), respectively; mrepresents 0, 1, or 2; p represents 1, 2, or 3; when p is 2 or 3, two ormore combinations of Ar³¹, R³⁴, R³⁵, R³⁶, R³⁷, R³⁸ and m may be the sameor different and, on the other hand, when p is 1, two R³²s may be thesame or different. However, at least one of the two R³²s represents anaryl group or heterocyclic group, and, when p is 1, R³⁴ and R³⁵ are notboth cyano groups. When R³⁵ is a hydrogen atom, R³⁴ represents aheterocyclic group which has aromatic rings and is formed from 3 to 7rings.

[0077] Regarding the compound expressed by the general formula (III),preferable combinations of Ar³¹, R³², and R³⁴-R³⁸ will be explained.

[0078] In the general formula (III), when two or more Ar³¹s are present,Ar³¹ may be the same or different. Preferably, Ar³¹ is an aryl groupwith a single ring or two rings and having 6 to 30 carbons (for example,a phenyl, naphthyl, or the like), an aromatic heterocyclic group having5 to 6 members which contains a nitrogen atom, oxygen atom, or sulfuratom. R³² is an aryl group with a single ring or two to four rings andhaving 6 to 30 carbons (for example, a phenyl, naphthyl, anthryl,phenanthryl, pyrenyl, indenyl, or the like); an aromatic heterocyclicgroup having 5 to 6 members which contains a nitrogen atom, oxygen atom,or sulfur atom; or an alkyl group, alkenyl group, or alkynyl group, eachhaving 1 to 20 carbons. Ar³¹ and R³² may each have substituents, andpreferable examples of such substituents are an alkyl group, alkoxygroup, alkylthio group, acyl group, and substituted amino group (asexamples of the substituent thereof, an alkyl group, alkenyl group,alkynyl group, aryl group, and heterocyclic group can be listed). R³⁶,R³⁷ and R³⁸ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or substituentand preferable examples of the substituent include an alkyl group,alkoxy group, alkylthio group, alkenyl group, acyl group, sulfonylgroup, alkoxycarbonyl group, carbonamide group, or cyano group. Examplesof the preferable combinations of R³⁴ and R³⁵ are the same as those ofthe preferable combinations of R²⁴ and R²⁵ in the general formula (I).However, when P=1 and R³⁵ is a hydrogen atom, R³⁴ represents aheterocyclic group which has aromatic rings and is formed from 3 to 7rings.

[0079] An aspect of the compound expressed by the general formula (III)which is further preferable is a compound expressed by general formula(V) which will be described later.

[0080] {circle over (4)} A Compound Expressed by General Formula (IV):

[0081] wherein, in the general formula (IV), Ar⁴¹ represents divalentaryl groups or heterocyclic groups; R⁴² represents an aryl group, aheterocyclic group, or aliphatic hydrocarbon group, wherein the arylgroup, heterocyclic group, and aliphatic hydrocarbon group have the samerespective definitions and the same preferable ranges as the aryl group,heterocyclic group, and aliphatic hydrocarbon group which were describedwith regards to R¹, R², and R³ in the general formula (A); R⁴⁴represents a heterocyclic group, perfluoroalkyl group, cyano group,oxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfamoyl group, orR (C═X)-group; R⁴⁵ represents a hydrogen atom, perfluoroalkyl group,cyano group, oxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group,sulfamoyl group, or R (C═X)-group; R represents an aliphatic hydrocarbongroup, aryl group, or heterocyclic group, X represents an oxygen atom,sulfur atom, N—R^(A1), or CR^(A2)R^(A3), R^(A1), R^(A2), and R^(A3) eachindependently represents a hydrogen atom or substituent; R⁴⁶, R⁴⁷, andR⁴⁸ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or substituent; theseR⁴⁴, R⁴⁵, R⁴⁶, R⁴⁷, and R⁴⁸ have the same definitions as R²⁴, R²⁵, R²⁶,R²⁷, and R²⁸ in the general formula (II), respectively; m represents 0,1, or 2; n represents an integer which is 2 or more; two or morecombinations of Ar⁴, R⁴², R⁴⁴, R⁴⁶, R⁴⁷, R⁴⁸, and m may be the same ordifferent; L represents a linkage group having an n valence; and atleast two of the Ar⁴¹, R⁴², and L each independently represents an arylgroup or heterocyclic group.

[0082] Preferably, L, which is a linkage group having an n valence, is agroup consisting of a combination of an oxygen atom, nitrogen atom,sulfur atom, methylene group, vinyl group, acetylene group, phenylgroup, aniline group, or heterocyclic group. L may be substituted andmay form a fused ring. Here, as a heterocycle, a heterocycle composed of1 to 20 carbons is preferable, and a heterocycle composed of 1 to 12carbons is more preferable. Examples of a hetero atom which forms theheterocycle include a nitrogen atom, oxygen atom, sulfur atom, andselenium atom. Specific examples thereof include pyrolidine, piperidine,piperazine, morpholine, thiophene, selenophene, furan, pyrrole,imidazole, pyrazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyridazine, triazole, triazine,indole, indazole, purine, thiazoline, thiazole, thiadiazole, oxazoline,oxazole, oxadiazole, quinoline, isoquinoline, phthalazine,naphthyridine, quinoxaline, quinazoline, cinnoline, pteridine,acridinephenanthroline, phenazine, tetrazole, benzimidazole,benzoxazole, benzothiazole, benzotriazole, tetrazaindene, and the like.Further, examples of the substituents thereof have the same definitionas those described as the substituents for R¹, R², and R³.

[0083] More preferably, as the linkage group having a valence of n, L, agroup consisting of a combination of an oxygen atom, nitrogen atom,sulfur atom, methylene group, vinyl group, acetylene group, aniline,phenylene, thiophene, pyrrole, furan, selenophene, imidazole, pyrazole,pyridine, pyrazine, pyridazine, triazole, triazine, indole, indazole,purine, thiazoline, thiazole, thiadiazole, oxazoline, oxazole, oroxadiazole are further preferable, and the groups in the combination mayform a fused ring.

[0084] It is particularly preferable that the linkage group having avalence of n, L, comprises one, or two or more of the aniline,phenylene, thiophene, pyrrole, -furan, selenophene, naphthalene,anthracene, pyridine, pyridazine, pirimidine, azulene, carbazole,allylenevinylene, allyleneethynylene, allylenephenylene, andtriarylamine (as examples of an allylene group or aryl group, phenylene,thiophene, pyrrole, furan, selenophene, imidazole, pyrazole, pyridine,pyrazine, pyridazine, triazole, triazine, indole, indazole, purine,thiazoline, thiazole, thiadiazole, oxazoline, oxazole, and oxadiazoleare represented). Among these linkage groups, a linkage group having 1to 20 of those described above is preferable, one having 1 to 10 ofthose described above is more preferable, and one having 1 to 5 of thosedescribed above is particularly preferable. These linkage group may havean oxygen atom, nitrogen atom, sulfur atom, or methylene group.

[0085] For example, specific examples of the linkage group having avalance of n, L, are the following.

[0086] With regards to the compound expressed by the general formula(IV), preferable combinations of Ar⁴¹, R⁴², and R⁴⁴-R⁴⁸ will beexplained.

[0087] In the general formula (IV), two or more Ar⁴¹s which exist may bethe same or different. Preferably, Ar⁴¹ is an aryl group with a singlering or two rings and having 6 to 30 carbons (for example, a phenyl,naphthyl, and the like), or aromatic heterocyclic group having 5 to 6members which contains a nitrogen atom, oxygen atom, or sulfur atom.Preferably, R⁴² is an aryl group with a single ring or two to four ringshaving 6 to 30 carbons (for example, a phenyl, naphthyl, anthryl,phenanthryl, pyrenyl, indenyl, and the like); aromatic heterocyclicgroup having 5 to 6 members which contains a nitrogen atom, oxygen atom,or sulfur atom; or alkyl group, alkenyl group or alkynyl group having 1to 20 carbons. Ar⁴¹ and R⁴² may have substituents, and preferableexamples of such substituents include an alkyl group, alkoxy group,alkylthio group, acyl group, and substituted amino group (as examples ofits substituent, an alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, arylgroup, and heterocyclic group can be listed). R⁴⁶, R⁴⁷ and R⁴⁸ representa hydrogen atom or substituent, respectively. Preferable examples of thesubstituent include an alkyl group, alkoxy group, alkylthio group,alkenyl group, acyl group, sulfonyl group, alkoxycarbonyl group,carbonamide group, or cyano group.

[0088] Examples of preferable combinations of R⁴⁴ and R⁴⁵ are the sameas those of R²⁴ and R²⁵ in the general formula (I). Preferably, thelinkage group having a valence of n, L, contains one, or two or more ofthe aniline, phenylene, thiophene, pyrrole, furan, selenophene,naphthalene, anthracene, pyridine, pyridazine, pirimidine, azulene,carbazole, allylenevinylene, allyleneethynylene, allylenephenylene, andtriarylamine (as examples of the allylene group or aryl group,phenylene, thiophene, pyrrole, furan, selenophene, imidazole, pyrazole,pyridine, pyrazine, pyridazine, triazole, triazine, indole, indazole,purine, thiazoline, thiazole, thiadiazole, oxazoline, oxazole, andoxadiazole can be listed). Among these, a linkage group having 1 to 20of those described above is preferable, and these linkage groups mayhave an oxygen atom, nitrogen atom, sulfur atom, or methylene group.

[0089] An aspect of the compound expressed by the general formula (IV)which is further preferable is a compound expressed by general formula(VI) which will be described later.

[0090] {circle over (5)} Compound Expressed by General Formula (V):

[0091] wherein, in the general formula (V), R⁵² represents an arylgroup, heterocyclic group, or aliphatic hydrocarbon group having thesame respective definitions and preferable ranges as the aryl group,heterocyclic group, and aliphatic hydrocarbon group which were describedwith regards to R¹, R², and R³in the general formula (A); R⁵⁴ representsa heterocyclic group, perfluoroalkyl group, cyano group, oxycarbonylgroup, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfamoyl group, or R(C═X)-group; R⁵⁵ represents a hydrogen atom, perfluoroalkyl group, cyanogroup, oxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfamoylgroup, or R (C═X)-group; R represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group,aryl group, or heterocyclic group, X represents an oxygen atom, sulfuratom, N—R^(A1), or CR^(A2)R^(A3), R^(A1), R^(A2), and R^(A3) eachindependently represents a hydrogen atom or substituent; R⁵⁶, R⁵⁷, andR⁵⁸ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or substituent; theseR⁵⁴, R⁵⁵, R⁵⁶, R⁵⁷, and R⁵⁸ have the same definition as R²⁴, R²⁵, R²⁶,R²⁷, and R²⁸ in the general formula (II), respectively; R⁵⁹ represents asubstituent having the same definition as the substituents for R¹, R²,and R³ in the general formula (A); q represents an integer which is offrom 0 to 4; when q is 2, 3, or 4, two or more R⁵⁹s may be the same ordifferent; m represents 0, 1, or 2; p represents 1, 2, or 3; when p is 2or 3, two or more combinations of R⁵², R⁵⁴, R⁵⁵, R⁵⁶, R⁵⁷, R⁵⁸, R⁵⁹, m,and q may be the same or different; and, on the other hand, when p is 1,two R⁵²s may be the same or different, however, at least one of the twoR⁵²s represents an aryl group or heterocyclic group, and R⁵⁴ and R⁵⁵ arenot cyano groups at the same time. When R⁵⁵ is a hydrogen atom, R⁵⁴represents a heterocyclic group which has aromatic rings and is formedfrom 3 to 7 rings.

[0092] With regards to the compound expressed by the general formula(V), preferable combinations of R⁵², and R⁵⁴-R⁵⁹ will be described.

[0093] Preferably, R⁵² is an aryl group with a single ring or two tofour rings and having 6 to 30 carbons (for example, a phenyl, naphthyl,anthryl, phenanthryl, pyrenyl, indenyl, and the like); aromaticheterocyclic group having 5 to 6 members which contains a nitrogen atom,oxygen atom, or sulfur atom; or alkyl group, alkenyl group, or alkynylgroup having 1 to 20 carbons. R⁵² may have a substituent, and preferableexamples of a substituent for R⁵² and of R⁵⁹ include an alkyl group,alkoxy group, alkylthio group, acyl group, or a substituted amino group(as examples of its substituent, an alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynylgroup, aryl group, and a heterocyclic group can be listed),respectively. R⁵⁶, R⁵⁷ and R⁵⁸ each independently represents a hydrogenatom or substituent, and preferable examples of the substituent includean alkyl group, alkoxy group, alkylthio group, alkenyl group, acylgroup, sulfonyl group, alkoxycarbonyl group, carbonamide group, andcyano group.

[0094] Preferable combinations of R⁵⁴ and R⁵⁵ are the same as thepreferable combinations of R²⁴ and R²⁵ in the general formula (I).

[0095] An aspect of the compound expressed by the general formula (V)which is further preferable is a compound expressed by general formula(VII) which will be described later.

[0096] {circle over (6)} Compound Expressed by General Formula (VI):

[0097] wherein, in the general formula (VI), R⁶⁴ represents aheterocyclic group, perfluoroalkyl group, cyano group, oxycarbonylgroup, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfamoyl group, or R(C═X)-group; R⁶⁵ represents a hydrogen atom, perfluoroalkyl group, cyanogroup, oxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfamoylgroup, or R (C═X)-group; R represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group,aryl group, or heterocyclic group, X represents an oxygen atom, sulfuratom, N—R^(A1), or CR^(A2)R^(A3); R^(A1), R^(A2), and R^(A3) eachindependently represents a hydrogen atom or substituent; R⁶⁶, R⁶⁷, andR⁶⁸ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or substituent; theseR⁶⁴, R⁶⁵, R⁶⁶, R⁶⁷, and R⁶⁸ have the same definition as R²⁴, R²⁵, R²⁶,R²⁷, and R²⁸ in the general formula (II), respectively; R⁶⁹ and R⁶⁰ eachindependently represents substituents, and such substituents have thesame definition as the substituents for R¹, R², and R³ in the generalformula (A); q represents an integer which is of from 0 to 4, and rrepresents an integer which is of from 0 to 5; when q is 2, 3, or 4, andr represents 2, 3, 4, or 5, two or more R⁶⁹s and two or more R⁶⁰s may bethe same or different, respectively; m represents 0, 1, or 2; nrepresents an integer which is 2 or greater; two or more combinations ofR⁶⁰, R⁶⁴, R⁶⁵, R⁶⁶, R⁶⁷, R⁶⁸, R⁶⁹, m, q, and r may be the same ordifferent; and L represents a linkage group having a valence of n hasthe same definition as the linkage group having a valence of n in thegeneral formula (IV), and preferable examples thereof are also the sameas those of the linkage group having a valence of n in the generalformula (IV).

[0098] With regards to the compound expressed by the general formula(VI), preferable combinations of R⁶⁰, and R⁶⁴-R⁶⁹ will be described.

[0099] R⁶⁶, R⁶⁷, and R⁶⁸ each independently represents a hydrogen atomor substituent, and preferable examples of the substituent include analkyl group, alkoxy group, alkylthio group, alkenyl group, acyl group,sulfonyl group, alkoxycarbonyl group, carbonamide group, and a cyanogroup. Preferable combinations of R⁶⁴ and R⁶⁵ are the same as thepreferable combinations of R²⁴ and R²⁵ in the general formula (I).

[0100] Preferably, R⁶⁰ and R⁶⁹ each independently represents an alkylgroup, alkoxy group, alkylthio group, acyl group, or substituted aminogroup (as examples of its substituent, an alkyl group, alkenyl group,alkynyl group, aryl group, and heterocyclic group can be listed).Preferably, the linkage group having a valence of n, L, contains one, ortwo or more of the aniline, phenylene, thiophene, pyrrole, furan,selenophene, naphthalene, anthracene, pyridine, pyridazine, pirimidine,azulene, carbazole, allylenevinylene, allyleneethynylene,allylenephenylene, and triarylamine (as examples of the allylene groupor aryl group, phenylene, thiophene, pyrrole, furan, selenophene,imidazole, pyrazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyridazine, triazole, triazine,indole, indazole, purine, thiazoline, thiazole, thiadiazole, oxazoline,oxazole, and oxadiazole can be listed). Among these, a linkage grouphaving 1 to 20 of those described above is preferable, and these linkagegroups may have an oxygen atom, nitrogen atom, sulfur atom, or methylenegroup.

[0101] An aspect of the compound expressed by the general formula (VI)which is further preferable is a compound expressed by the generalformula (VIII) which will be described later.

[0102] {circle over (7)} Compounds Expressed by General Formula (VII)

[0103] wherein, in the general formula (VII), R⁷² represents an arylgroup, heterocyclic group, or aliphatic hydrocarbon group having thesame respective definitions and preferable ranges as the aryl group,heterocyclic group, and aliphatic hydrocarbon group which were describedwith regards to R¹, R², and R³ in the general formula (I); R⁷⁴represents a heterocyclic group, perfluoroalkyl group, cyano group,oxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfamoyl group, orR (C═X)-group; R⁷⁵ represents a hydrogen atom, perfluoroalkyl group,cyano group, oxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group,sulfamoyl group, or R (C═X)-group; R represents an aliphatic hydrocarbongroup, aryl group, or heterocyclic group; X represents an oxygen atom,sulfur atom, N—R^(A1), or CR^(A2)R^(A3); R^(A1), R^(A2), and R^(A3) eachindependently represents a hydrogen atom or substituent; these R⁷⁴, R⁷⁵,and R⁷⁶ have the same definitions as R⁴, R⁵, and R⁶ in the generalformula (II), respectively; R⁷⁹ represents a substituent having the samedefinition as the substituents for R¹, R², and R³ in the general formula(A), respectively; q represents an integer which is of from 0 to 4; whenq is 2, 3, or 4, two or more R⁷⁹ may be the same or different; prepresents 1, 2, or 3; when p is 2 or 3, two or more combinations ofR⁷², R⁷⁴, R⁷⁵, R⁷⁶, R⁷⁹, and q may be the same or may be different; and,on the other hand, when p is 1, two R⁷²s may be the same or different,however, at least one of the two R⁷²s represents an aryl group orheterocyclic group, and R⁷⁴ and R⁷⁵ are not cyano groups at the sametime; and when R⁷⁵ is a hydrogen atom, R⁷⁴ represents a heterocyclicgroup which has aromatic rings and is formed from 3 to 7 rings.

[0104] With regards to the compound expressed by the general formula(VII), preferable combinations of R⁷², R⁷⁴-R⁷⁶, and R⁷⁹ will beexplained.

[0105] Preferably, R⁷² is an aryl group with a single ring or two tofour rings and having 6 to 30 carbons (for example, a phenyl, naphthyl,anthryl, phenanthryl, pyrenyl, indenyl, and the like); aromaticheterocyclic group having 5 to 6 members which contains a nitrogen atom,oxygen atom, or sulfur atom; or alkyl group, alkenyl group, or alkynylgroup, each having 1 to 20 carbons. R⁷² may have a substituent, andpreferable examples of the substituent for R⁷² and preferable examplesof R⁷⁹ include an alkyl group, alkoxy group, alkylthio group, acylgroup, or substituted amino group (as examples of its substituent, analkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, aryl group, and heterocyclicgroup can be listed), respectively. R⁷⁶ represents a hydrogen atom orsubstituent and preferable examples of the substituent include an alkylgroup, alkoxy group, alkylthio group, alkenyl group, acyl group,sulfonyl group, alkoxycarbonyl group, carbonamide group, or cyano group.

[0106] Preferable combinations of R⁷⁴ and R⁷⁵ are the same as thepreferable combinations of R²⁴ and R²⁵ in the general formula (I).

[0107] {circle over (8)} Compounds Expressed by General Formula (VIII):

[0108] wherein, in the general formula (VIII), R⁸⁴ represents aheterocyclic group, perfluoroalkyl group, cyano group, oxycarbonylgroup, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfamoyl group, or R(C═X)-group; R⁸⁵ represents a hydrogen atom, perfluoroalkyl group, cyanogroup, oxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfamoylgroup, or R (C═X)-group; R represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group,aryl group, or heterocyclic group; X represents an oxygen atom, sulfuratom, N—R^(A1), or CR^(A2)R^(A3); R^(A1), R^(A2), and R^(A3) eachindependently represents a hydrogen atom or substituent; R⁸⁶ representsa hydrogen atom or substituent; these R⁸⁴, R⁸⁵, and R⁸⁶ have the samedefinition as R⁴, R⁵, and R⁶ in the general formula (II), respectively;R⁸⁹ and R⁸⁰ represent substituents, and such substituents have the samedefinition as the substituents for R¹, R², and R³ in the general formula(A); q represents an integer which is of from 0 to 4, and r representsan integer which is of from 0 to 5; however, when q is 2, 3, or 4, and ris 2, 3, 4, or 5, two or more R⁸⁹s and two or more R⁸⁰s may be the sameor different, respectively; n represents an integer which is 2 orgreater than 2, and two or more combinations of R⁸⁰, R⁸⁴, R⁸⁵, R⁸⁶, R⁸⁹,q, and r may be the same or different; and, L represents a linkage grouphaving a valence of n and has the same definition as the linkage grouphaving a valence of n in the general formula (IV), and preferableexamples thereof are the same as those of the linkage group having thevalence of n in the general formula (IV).

[0109] With regards to the compound expressed by the general formula(VIII), preferable combinations of R⁸⁰, R⁸⁴-R⁸⁶, and R⁸⁹ will beexplained.

[0110] R⁸⁶ represents a hydrogen atom or substituent and preferableexamples of the substituent include an alkyl group, alkoxy group,alkylthio group, alkenyl group, acyl group, sulfonyl group,alkoxycarbonyl group, carbonamide group, and cyano group.

[0111] Preferable combinations of R⁸⁴ and R⁸⁵ are the same as thepreferable combinations of R²⁴ and R²⁵ in the general formula (I).

[0112] Preferably, R⁸⁰ and R⁸⁹ each independently represent an alkylgroup, alkoxy group, alkylthio group, acyl group, or substituted aminogroup (as examples of its substituent, an alkyl group, alkenyl group,alkynyl group, aryl group, and heterocyclic group can be listed).Preferably, the linkage group having a valence of n, L, contains one, ortwo or more of the aniline group, phenylene group, thiophene group,pyrrole group, furan group, selenophene group, naphthalene group,anthracene group, pyridine group, pyridazine group, pirimidine group,azulene group, carbazole group, allylenevinylene group,allyleneethynylene group, allylenephenylene group, and triarylaminegroup (as examples of the allylene group or aryl group, phenylene group,thiophene group, pyrrole group, furan group, selenophene group,imidazole group, pyrazole group, pyridine group, pyrazine group,pyridazine group, triazole group, triazine group, indole group, indazolegroup, purine group, thiazoline group, thiazole group, thiadiazolegroup, oxazoline group, oxazole group, and an oxadiazole group can belisted). Among these, a linkage group having 1 to 20 of theaforementioned groups is preferable, and these linkage groups may havean oxygen atom, nitrogen atom, sulfur atom, or methylene group.

[0113] {circle over (9)} Compounds Expressed by General Formula (IX):

[0114] With regards to the compound expressed by the general formula(I), preferable combinations of R⁹⁰, R⁹⁴-R⁹⁶, and R⁹⁹ will be explained.

[0115] A preferable combination of R⁹⁰, R⁹⁴-R⁹⁶, and R⁹⁹ is acombination in which R⁹⁶ represents a hydrogen group, alkyl group having1 to 20 carbons, alkenyl group having 1 to 20 carbons, acyl group having1 to 20 carbons, sulfonyl group having 1 to 20 carbons, alkoxycarbonylgroup having 1 to 20 carbons, carbonamido group having 1 to 20 carbons,or cyano group, and R⁹⁰ and R⁹⁹ are a hydrogen atom, alkyl group having1 to 20 carbons, alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbons, or substitutedamino group having 1 to 20 carbons (as examples of its substituent, analkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, aryl group, and heterocyclicgroup can be listed), respectively.

[0116] Preferable combinations of R⁹⁴ and R⁹⁵ include a combination inwhich, when R⁹⁴ represents a heterocyclic group, R⁹⁵ represents ahydrogen atom, perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbons, cyano group,oxycarbonyl group having 2 to 20 carbons, carbamoyl group having 2 to 20carbons, sulfonyl group having 1 to 20 carbons, sulfamoyl group having 1to 20 carbons, or R (C═X)-group having 2 to 20 carbons; and, acombination in which, when R⁹⁴ represents a perfluoroalkyl group having1 to 20 carbons, oxycarbonyl group having 2 to 20 carbons, carbamoylgroup having 2 to 20 carbons, sulfonyl group having 1 to 20 carbons,sulfamoyl group having 1 to 20 carbons, or R (C═X)-group having 2 to 20carbons, R⁹⁵ represents a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbons,cyano group, oxycarbonyl group having 2 to 20 carbons, carbamoyl grouphaving 2 to 20 carbons, sulfonyl group having 1 to 20 carbons, sulfamoylgroup having 1 to 20 carbons, or R (C═X)-group having 2 to 20 carbons.

[0117] Preferably, the linkage group having a valence of n, L, containsone, or two or more of the aniline group, phenylene group, thiophenegroup, pyrrole group, furan group, selenophene group, naphthalene group,anthracene group, pyridine group, pyridazine group, pirimidine group,azulene group, carbazole group, allylenevinylene group,allyleneethynylene group, allylenephenylene group, and triarylaminegroup (as examples of the allylene group or aryl group, phenylene group,thiophene group, pyrrole group, furan group, selenophene group,imidazole group, pyrazole group, pyridine group, pyrazine group,pyridazine group, triazole group, triazine group, indole group, indazolegroup, purine group, thiazoline group, thiazole group, thiadiazolegroup, oxazoline group, oxazole group, and oxadiazole group can belisted). Among these, a linkage group having 1 to 20 of theaforementioned groups is preferable, and these linkage groups may havean oxygen atom, nitrogen atom, sulfur atom, or methylene group.

[0118] More preferable combinations of R⁹⁰, R⁹⁴-R⁹⁶, and R⁹⁹ include acombination in which, R⁹⁶ represents a hydrogen atom, alkenyl grouphaving 1 to 20 carbons, acyl group having 1 to 20 carbons, sulfonylgroup having 1 to 20 carbons, alkoxycarbonyl group having 1 to 20carbons, carbonamido group having 1 to 20 carbons, or cyano group, andR⁹⁰ and R⁹⁹ each independently represents a hydrogen atom, alkyl grouphaving 1 to 20 carbons, alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbons, orsubstituted amino group having 1 to 20 carbons (as examples of itssubstituent, an alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, aryl group,and heterocyclic group can be listed). Further, examples of even morepreferable combinations of R⁹⁴ and R⁹⁵ include a combination in which,when R⁹⁴ represents a heterocyclic group, R⁹⁵ represents aperfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbons, cyano group, oxycarbonylgroup having 2 to 20 carbons, carbamoyl group having 2 to 20 carbons,sulfonyl group having 1 to 20 carbons, sulfamoyl group having 1 to 20carbons, or R (C═X)-group having 2 to 20 carbons; and a combination inwhich, when R⁹⁴ represents a oxycarbonyl group having 2 to 20 carbons,sulfonyl group having 2 to 20 carbons, or acyl group having 2 to 20carbons, R⁹⁵ represents a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbons,cyano group, oxycarbonyl group having 2 to 20 carbons, carbamoyl grouphaving 2 to 20 carbons, sulfonyl group having 1 to 20 carbons, sulfamoylgroup having 1 to 20 carbons, or acyl group having 2 to 20 carbons (X inR (C═X)-group is an oxygen atom). Preferably, the linkage group having avalence of n, L, contains one, or two or more of the aniline group,phenylene group, thiophene group, pyrrole group, furan group,selenophene group, naphthalene group, anthracene group, pyridine group,pyridazine group, pirimidine group, azulene group, carbazole group,allylenevinylene group, allyleneethynylene group, allylenephenylenegroup, and triarylamine group (as examples of the allylene group or arylgroup, a phenylene group, thiophene group, pyrrole group, furan group,selenophene group, imidazole group, pyrazole group, pyridine group,pyrazine group, pyridazine group, triazole group, triazine group, indolegroup, indazole group, purine group, thiazoline group, thiazole group,thiadiazole group, oxazoline group, oxazole group, and oxadiazole groupcan be listed). Among these, a linkage group having 1 to 20 of theaforementioned groups is preferable, and these linkage groups may havean oxygen atom, nitrogen atom, sulfur atom, or methylene group.

[0119] A combination of R⁹⁰, R⁹⁴-R⁹⁶, and R⁹⁹ which is particularlypreferable is a combination in which, R⁹⁶ represents a hydrogen atom,alkenyl group having 1 to 10 carbons, acyl group having 1 to 10 carbons,sulfonyl group having 1 to 10 carbons, alkoxycarbonyl group having 1 to10 carbons, carbonamido group having 1 to 10 carbons, or cyano group,and R⁹⁰ and R⁹⁹ each independently represents a hydrogen atom, alkylgroup having 1 to 10 carbons, alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbons, orsubstituted amino group having 1 to 20 carbons (as examples of itssubstituents, an alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, aryl group,thiophene group, pyrrole group, furan group, selenophene group,naphthalene group, anthracene group, pyridine group, pyridazine group,pirimidine group, azulene group, and carbazole group can be listed).Combinations of R⁹⁴ and R⁹⁵ which are particularly preferable include: acombination in which, when R⁹⁴ represents a heterocyclic group of athiophene group, furan group, pyrrole group, imidazole group, pyrazolegroup, pyridine group, pyrazine group, pyridazine group, triazole group,triazine group, indole group, indazole group, thiazoline group, thiazolegroup, thiadiazole group, oxazoline group, oxazole group, oxadiazolegroup, quinoline group, benzimidazole group, benzoxazole group,benzothiazole group, or benzotriazole group, R⁹⁵ represents aperfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbons, cyano group, oxycarbonylgroup having 2 to 20 carbons, carbamoyl group having 2 to 20 carbons,sulfonyl group having 1 to 20 carbons, sulfamoyl group having 1 to 20carbons, or acyl group having 2 to 20 carbons (X in R (C═X)-group is anoxygen atom); and a combination in which, when R⁹⁴ represents aperfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbons, alkyloxycarbonyl grouphaving 2 to 20 carbons, sulfonyl group having 1 to 20 carbons, sulfamoylgroup having 1 to 20 carbons, or acyl group having 2 to 20 carbons (X inR (C═X)-group is an oxygen atom), R⁹⁵ represents a cyano group,alkyloxycarbonyl group having 2 to 20 carbons, sulfonyl group having 1to 20 carbons, or acyl group having 2 to 20 carbons (X in R (C═X)-groupis an oxygen atom). As the acyl group for R⁹⁴, an acyl group having aheterocyclic group is the most preferable. L is a linkage group having 1to 6 of the aniline, phenylene, thiophene, pyrrole, furan, selenophene,naphthalene, anthracene, pyridine, pyridazine, pirimidine, azulene,carbazole, allylenevinylene, allyleneethynylene, allylenephenylene, andtriarylamine (as examples of the allylene group or aryl group, aphenylene, thiophene, pyrrole, furan, selenophene, imidazole, pyrazole,pyridine, pyrazine, pyridazine, triazole, triazine, indole, indazole,purine, thiazoline, thiazole, thiadiazole, oxazoline, oxazole, andoxadiazole can be listed), and may have an oxygen atom, nitrogen atom,sulfur atom, or methylene group.

[0120] The compounds expressed by the general formula (A), the generalformula (I), and the general formulas (III)-(IX) may be low molecularweight compounds, or may be high molecular weight compounds in which thecompounds are connected to polymer principal chains as residue(s). In acase in which the compounds are high molecular compounds in such a form,their weight-average molecular weight is preferably from 1,000 to5,000,000, and more preferably, from 10,000 to 1,000,000. Further, thecompounds may be high molecular weight compounds having skeletons of thegeneral formula (A), the general formula (I), and the general formulas(III)-(IX) for principal chains (the preferable range of theirweight-average molecular weight is the same as the range describedabove). In a case in which the compounds are high molecular weightcompounds in such a form, the compounds may be homopolymers, or may becopolymers combined with other monomers. Preferably, the compoundsexpressed by the general formula (A), the general formula (I), and thegeneral formulas (III)-(IX) are low molecular weight compounds.

[0121] It should be noted that though the general formula (A), thegeneral formula (I), and the general formulas (III)-(IX) are expressedby extreme structural formulas for convenience, they may be theirtautomers.

[0122] Among the compounds represented by general formula (A), those inwhich R⁴ and R⁵ both represent electron attracting groups haveparticularly excellent red color purity. Further, compounds in which R⁴is a heterocyclic group and R⁵ is an electron attracting group haveparticularly excellent light emitting efficiency. Moreover, amongcompounds in which R⁴ is a heterocyclic group and R⁵ is a hydrogen atom,those in which the heterocyclic group has 3 to 7 aromatic rings havebetter stability of elements than those in which the heterocyclic grouphas 1 or 2 aromatic rings.

[0123] Though specific examples of the compounds expressed by thegeneral formula (I) will be listed hereinafter, the light emittingelement material of the present invention is not limited to theseexamples.

[0124] The compounds expressed by the general formula (A), the generalformula (I), and the general formulas (III)-(IX) can be synthesized byvarious synthesis processes. For example, a process in which, afterformylating the aryl group of the triarylamine, the aryl group of thetriarylamine is reacted with an active methylene compound with orwithout a base present, or the like, can be applied.

[0125] The compounds expressed by the general formulas are appropriatelyused as light emitting element materials. Hereinafter, the lightemitting element of the present invention, in which such compounds wereutilized as light emitting element materials, will be explained.

[0126] An aspect of the light emitting element of the present inventionis a structure comprising, between a pair of electrodes consisting of ananode and cathode formed on a substrate, at least one organic thin filmlayer which contains either one of or a plurality of the compoundsexpressed by the general formula (A), the general formula (I), thegeneral formulas (III)-(IX).

[0127] The anode is for supplying positive holes to a positive holeinjecting layer, positive hole transporting layer, or light emittinglayer or the like, and as its material, a metal, alloy, metallic oxide,electroconductive compound, or mixtures thereof can be used. A materialwhose work function is 4 eV or more is preferable. Specific examplesthereof include a conductive metallic oxide such as tin oxide, zincoxide, indium oxide, indium tin oxide (ITO) or the like; metal such asgold, silver, chromium, nickel or the like; a mixture or laminatedmaterial of such metals and a conductive metallic oxide; inorganicconductive material such as copper iodide, copper sulfide or the like;organic conductive material such as a polyaniline, polythiophene,polypyrrole or the like, and a laminated material formed by thesepreceding materials and ITO; and the like. A conductive metallic oxideis preferable (for the material), and particularly, in terms ofproductivity, high conductivity, and transparency, ITO is preferable.

[0128] Though the preferable range of film thickness of the anodediffers depending on the material, it is normally from 10 nm to 5 μm,more preferably from 50 nm to 1 μm, and even more preferably from 100 nmto 500 μm.

[0129] The anode is formed by forming a layer which is made of theaforementioned material on a substrate made of a soda lime glass,non-alkali glass, clear resin or the like. In a case in which a glass isused as the substrate, it is preferable to use a non-alkali glass sincethe amount of eluted ions from the glass can be thereby reduced.Further, in a case in which a soda lime glass is used as the substrate,it is preferable to use a soda lime glass on which a barrier coatingsuch as a silica has been applied. Thickness of the substrate is notparticularly limited so long as the substrate is thick enough tomaintain its mechanical strength; however, in a case in which a glass isused, thickness is normally 0.2 mm or more, and preferably 0.7 mm ormore. For forming the anode layer on the substrate, an appropriateprocess may be selected in accordance with the material used for theanode layer. For example, in a case in which an ITO is used for thematerial of the anode, a film can be formed using an electron beamprocess, sputtering process, resistance heating deposition process,chemical reaction process (sol-gel process, or the like), coatingprocess which applies a dispersion of indium tin oxide, or the like. Byeffecting washing or other processings for the formed anode, drivingvoltage of an element can be reduced, or luminous efficiency of theelement can be improved. For example, for an anode made of an ITO,UV-ozone processing, plasma processing, or the like are effective.

[0130] The cathode is for supplying electrons to an electron injectinglayer, electron transporting layer, light emitting layer, or the like,and the material for the cathode can be selected from any of variousmaterials in consideration of the ability to adhere to a layer adjacentto a negative electrode of the electron injecting layer, electrontransporting layer, light emitting layer and the like, the ionizationpotential, the stability, and the like. As material for the cathode, ametal, alloy, metallic halide, metallic oxide, electroconductivecompound, or mixtures thereof can be used. Specific examples thereofinclude an alkali metal (for example, Li, Na, K, Cs or the like) andfluorides and oxides thereof, alkali-earth metal (for example, Mg, Ca orthe like) and fluorides and oxides thereof, gold, silver, lead,aluminum, sodium-potassium alloy or a mixed metal thereof,lithium-aluminum alloy or a mixed metal thereof, magnesium-silver alloyor a mixed metal thereof, and rare earth metal such as an indium andytterbium. The material for the cathode is, preferably a material whosework function is 4 eV or less, and more preferably an aluminum,lithium-aluminum alloy or mixed metal thereof, magnesium-silver alloy ormixed metal thereof, or the like. The cathode may be a single layerstructure which consists of the aforementioned compound and mixturesthereof, or a laminated layer structure which contains theaforementioned compound and mixtures thereof.

[0131] Though the preferable range of film thickness of the cathodediffers depending on the material, the range is normally from 10 nm to 5μm, more preferably from 50 nm to 1 μm, and particularly preferably from100 nm to 1 μm. For preparation of the cathode, an electron beamprocess, sputtering process, resistance heating deposition process,coating process, or the like can be used, and a metal can be depositedby itself, or two or more components can be deposited at the same time.Further, it is possible to deposit a plurality of metals at the sametime to form an alloy electrode. Alternatively, alloy which has beenprepared in advance may be deposited. Moreover, the cathode which wasmade of the aforementioned material may be formed on a substrate. Inthis case, layer formation of the light emitting element of the presentinvention is formed by sequentially laminating, on the substrate, thecathode, an organic thin film layer which contains the aforementionedcompound, and the anode.

[0132] It should be noted that lower sheet resistance of theaforementioned anode and cathode is preferable, and several hundreds Ω/□or less is preferable.

[0133] The organic thin film layer at least has functions such as thefollowing functions of a light emitting layer: a function which, at thetime when an electric field is applied, allows injection of positiveholes from the anode (a positive hole injection layer and/or a positivehole transport layer when such layers are provided), and allowsinjection of electrons from a cathode (an electron injection layerand/or an electron transport layer when such layers are provided); afunction of moving injected charges; and a function which providesplaces for the rebonding of the positive holes and the electrons to asto allow emission of light; and the like. Further, the organic thin filmlayer may function as a positive hole injection layer and/or a positivehole transport layer as will be described layer, or may function as anelectron injection layer and/or an electron positive hole transportlayer as will be described later. The organic thin film layer mayinclude a single compound of the compounds expressed by general formula(A), general formula (I), and general formulas (III) through (IX), or aplurality of these compounds in combination, or may include thefollowing light emitting materials. Further, these compounds may beincluded in the organic thin film layer in a state of being dispersed ina polymer. Examples of the light emitting material contained in thelight emitting layer include benzooxazole derivatives, benzoimidazolederivatives, benzothiazole derivatives, styrylbenzene derivatives,polyphenyl derivatives, diphenylbutadiene derivatives,tetraphenylbutadiene derivatives, naphthalimide derivatives, courmalinederivatives, perylene derivatives, perynone derivatives, oxadiazolederivatives, ardazine derivatives, pyralizine derivatives,cyclopentadiene derivatives, bisstyrylanthracene derivatives,quinacridone derivatives, pyrolopyridine derivatives,thiadiazolopyridine derivatives, cyclopentadiene derivatives,styrylamine derivatives, aromatic dimethylidine compounds, or varioustypes of metal complexes such as metal complexes of 8-quinolinolderivatives, rare earth complexes, transition metal complexes (e.g.,orthometallized complexes such as iridium (III) tris(2-phenylpyridine)complex), or polymer compounds such as polythiofene, polyphenylene,polyphenylenevinylene, or the like.

[0134] The process for forming the organic thin film layer is notparticularly limited. However, a resistance heating deposition, electronbeam, sputtering process, molecular lamination process, coating process(a spin-coat process, cast process, dip-coat process, or the like), LBprocess, ink jet process, printing process or the like may be used. Inview of various characteristics of the light emitting element, readinessof manufacture, and the like, it is preferable to form the organic thinfilm layer by the resistance heating deposition or coating process. In acase in which the organic thin film layer is formed by the coatingprocess, a coating solution, in which the aforementioned compound isdissolved or dispersed in a solvent, is applied onto the anode. However,in this case, the coating solution can also be prepared by dissolving ordispersing the aforementioned compound, with a resin component, in asolvent. Examples of the resin component to be used include polyvinylchloride, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate,polybutylmethacrylate, polyester, polysulfone, polyphenylene oxide,polybutadiene, poly (N-vinylcarbazole), hydrocarbon resin, ketone resin,phenoxy resin, polyamide, ethyl cellulose, vinyl acetate, ABS resin,polyurethane, melamine resin, unsaturated polyester resin, alkyd resin,epoxy resin, silicon resin, and the like. It should be noted that thefilm thickness of the organic thin film layer is not particularlylimited. However, the thickness normally from 1 nm to 5 μm, preferablyfrom 5 nm to 1 μm, and more preferably from 10 nm to 500 nm.

[0135] Preferable examples of materials contained in the light emittinglayer are the compounds expressed by the aforementioned general formula(A), the general formula (I), or the general formulas (III)-generalformula (IX). However, other light emitting materials described abovemay also be used.

[0136] A positive hole injecting layer and/or a positive holetransporting layer may be provided between the anode and organic thinfilm layer, or an electron injecting layer and/or an electrontransporting layer may be provided between the organic thin film layerand cathode, as desired. Further, a protection layer may be formed onthe cathode, and each of these layers may be a layer to which otherfunctions are provided, respectively.

[0137] For materials for the positive hole injecting layer and thepositive hole transporting layer, those which have any of a function ofinjecting positive holes from an anode, a function of transportingpositive holes, and a function of blocking electrons injected from acathode may be used. Specific examples thereof include a carbazolederivative, triazole derivative, oxazole derivative, oxadiazolederivative, imidazole derivative, polyarylalkane derivative, pyrazolinederivative, pyrazolone derivative, phenylenediamine derivative,arylamine derivative, amino substituted chalcone derivative,styrylanthracene derivative, fluorenone derivative, hydrazonederivative, stilbene derivative, silazane derivative, aromatic tertiaryamine compound, styrylamine compound, aromatic dimethylidyne systemcompound, porphyrin system compound, polysilane system compound, poly(N-vinylcarbazole) derivative, aniline system copolymer, conductive highmolecular oligomer such as a thiopheneoligomer, polythiophene or thelike, and the like. Further, the compounds expressed by theaforementioned general formula (A), the general formula (I), or thegeneral formulas (III)-(IX) can also be used. The positive holeinjecting layer and the positive hole transporting layer may be a singlelayer structure which is made by one or two or more of the materialsdescribed above, or may be a multi-layered structure which is made by aplurality of layers of homogeneous compositions or heterogeneouscompositions.

[0138] Though the film thickness of the positive hole injecting layerand the positive hole transporting layer is not particularly limited,the thickness is normally from 1 nm to 5 μm, preferably from 5 nm to 1μm, and more preferably from 10 nm to 500 nm. Further, a method forforming the positive hole injecting layer and the positive holetransporting layer that is the same as the method for forming theorganic thin film layer is used.

[0139] As materials for the electron injecting layer and electrontransporting layer, those which have any of a function of injectingelectrons from a cathode, a function of transporting electrons, and afunction of blocking positive holes injected from an anode may be used.Specific examples thereof include a triazole derivative, oxazolederivative, oxadiazole derivative, fluorenone derivative,anthraquinodimethane derivative, anthrone derivative, diphenylquinonederivative, thiopyrane dioxide derivative, carbidiimide derivative,fluorenilidenemethane derivative, distyrylpyrazine derivative,heterocyclic ring tetra-carboxylic acid anhydride such asnaphthaleneperylene, phthalocyanine derivative, various kinds ofmetallic complex exemplified by a metallic complex of 8-quinolinolderivative and a metallic complex having a metal phthalocyanine,benzoxazole, or benzothiazole which serves as a ligand, and the like.The electron injecting layer and the electron transporting layer may bea single layer structure which is formed with one, or two or more of thematerials described above, or may be a multi-layered structurestructured by a plurality of layers of homogeneous compositions orheterogeneous compositions. In a case in which the organic thin filmlayer also functions as an electron injecting layer and/or an electrontransporting layer, it is preferable to form the organic thin film layerusing an electron injecting agent and electron transporting agent withthe compounds expressed by the general formula (A), the general formula(I), or the general formulas (III)-(IX) (for example, by depositingmaterials of both the compound and the electron injecting agent and/orelectron transporting agent, together).

[0140] Though the film thickness of the electron injecting layer and theelectron transporting layer is not particularly limited, the thicknessis normally from 1 nm to 5 μm, preferably from 5 nm to 1 μm, and morepreferably from 10 nm to 500 nm. Further, a method for forming theelectron injecting layer and the electron transporting layer is the sameas the method for forming the organic thin film layer 16.

[0141] As materials for the protective layer, those which have afunction for inhibiting moisture, oxygen, and the like, which acceleratedeterioration of the element, from entering the element may be used.Specific examples thereof include: a metal such as In, Sn, Pb, Au, Cu,Ag, Al, Ti, and Ni; metallic oxide such as MgO, SiO, SiO₂, Al₂O₃, GeO,NiO, CaO, BaO, Fe₂O₃, Y₂O₃, and TiO₂; metallic fluoride such as MgF₂,LiF, AlF₃, and CaF₂; polyethylene; polypropylene;polymethylmethacrylate; polyimide; polyurea; polytetrafluoroethylene;polychloro-trifluoroethylene; poly dichloro-di-fluoroethylene; copolymerof a chloro-trifluoroethylene and dichloro-di-fluoroethylene; copolymerobtained by copolymerizing a tetrafluoroethylene and monomer mixturewhich contains at least one kind of comonomer; fluorine containingcopolymer having a copolymerized principal chain in a form of annularstructure; water-absorbing material having water-absorptivity of 1percent or more; moisture-proof material having water-absorptivity of0.1 percent or less, and the like.

[0142] There is no particular limitation on a method for forming theprotective layer as well and examples of applicable forming methodsthereof include a vacuum deposition process, sputtering process,reactive sputtering process, MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) process,cluster ion beam process, ion plating process, plasma copolymerizationprocess (high-frequency excitation ion plating process), plasma CVDprocess, laser CVD process, heat CVD process, gas source CVD process,coating process, printing process, and ink jet process.

[0143] By applying, between the anode and the cathode, a direct voltage(normally, a pulse voltage ranging from 2 volts to 30 volts; analternating current may be included as needed) or a pulse current, thelight emitting element of the present invention can be made to emitlight. In terms of driving the light emitting element of the presentinvention, methods described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open(JP-A) No. 2-148687, No. 6-301355, No. 5-29080, No. 7-134558, No.8-234685, No. 8-241047, or the like can be utilized.

[0144] Though more details of the present invention will be explainedwhile referring to examples hereinafter, the present invention is notlimited in any way to the following examples.

SYNTHESIS EXAMPLE-1 Synthesis of Illustrated Compound (D-7)

[0145]

[0146] 2.7 g of intermediate A and 1.5 g of intermediate B are dissolvedin 50 ml of ethanol, and to this solution was further added 0.85 g ofpeperidine, and the mixture was heated under reflux for 6 hours. Thereaction solution was cooled at room temperature and the precipitatedcrystal was filtered out. The resulting crude crystal was purified bysilica gel chromatography and crystallized with an ethanol-chloroformsolvent to obtain an intended example compound (D-7) (mp 169 to 171°C.).

SYNTHESIS EXAMPLE-2

[0147] An example compound (D-8) which was intended was synthesized bythe same method as that of the Synthesis Example-1 (mp 199 to 200° C.).

SYNTHESIS EXAMPLE-3

[0148] An example compound (D-13) which was intended was synthesized bythe same method as that of the Synthesis example-1 (mp 212 to 214° C.).

SYNTHESIS EXAMPLE-4

[0149] An example compound (D-14) which was intended was synthesized bythe same method as that of the Synthesis Example-1 (mp 162 to 164° C.).

SYNTHESIS EXAMPLE-5

[0150] An example compound (D-15) which was intended was synthesized bythe same method as that of the Synthesis example-1 (mp 176 to 178° C.).

SYNTHESIS EXAMPLE-6

[0151] An example compound (D-27) which was intended was synthesized bythe same method as that of the Synthesis example-1 (mp 257 to 262° C.).

EXAMPLE 1

[0152] A glass substrate having dimensions of 25 mm×25 mm×0.7 mm, onwhich ITO was coated at a thickness of 150 nm (manufactured by TokyoSanyo Sinku Corporation), was used as a transparent supportingsubstrate. After etching and washing the glass substrate, about 40 nm ofTPD (N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-diphenylbenzidine), about 40 nm ofthe compound recited in Table 1, and about 20 nm of Alg(tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum) were sequentially depositedtogether onto the glass substrate in a vacuum of 1.0×10⁻³ to 1.3×10⁻⁴ Paunder a condition that the substrate's temperature was room temperature,and a mask onto which patterning had been applied (a mask whose lightemitting area was 5 mm×5 mm) was set on the layer of Alg. Afterdepositing 50 nm of magnesium and silver together at a ratio of 10 to 1(magnesium:silver=10:1) within a deposition device, 50 nm of silver wasdeposited to prepare a light emitting element (“EL element”).

[0153] Using Source Measure Unit Type 2400 manufactured by ToyoTechnica, a direct current regulated voltage was applied to the ELelement to cause the EL element to emit light, and luminance wasmeasured using a Luminancemeter BM-8 of Thopcon Co. The emissionspectrum was measured using a Spectrum Analyzer PMA-11 manufactured byHamamatsu Photonics Co. to determine the chromaticity coordinate. If theluminous wavelength was from 580 to 670 nm, and the chromaticitycoordinate has 0.60≦x≦0.75, 0.20≦y≦0.40, the EL element had an excellentred light emission characteristic. Evaluation results are presented inTable 1. Further, evaluation criteria for dark spots in Table 1 are asfollows.

[0154] O: Dark spots cannot be identified by the naked eye

[0155] Δ: Small number of dark spots

[0156] X: Large number of dark spots TABLE 1 CIE Maximum DrivingLuminous Chromaticity Element Luminescence Voltage Wavelength CoordinateDark No. Compound (cd/m²) (V) λ max (nm) (x, y) Spots 101 Comparative500 12 546 (0.45, 0.51) X Compound A 102 Comparative 800 12 612 (0.57,0.41) Δ Compound B 103 D-8  1520 14 633 (0.60, 0.38) ◯ 104 D-15 1250 13641 (0.63, 0.36) ◯ 105 D-27 1340 14 625 (0.60, 0.39) ◯

[0157]

[0158] From the results of Table 1, it was verified that, if the lightemitting element material of the present invention was used separatelyas a light emitting material for a light emitting layer, the lightemitting material can have a satisfactory color purity and was capableof high luminance light emission. Moreover, it was verified that the ELelement containing the light emitting element material of the presentinvention was excellent in a sheet form. Further, it was also verifiedthat, even after the long period of light emission, the EL elementcontaining the light emitting element material of the present inventionhad a small number of dark spots and excellent durability.

EXAMPLE 2

[0159] After etching and washing an ITO substrate, about 40 nm of TPDwas deposited onto the ITO substrate, as in Example 1. After that,compounds recited in Table 2 and Alg (tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum) were deposited together onto the ITO substrate at eachdeposition velocity of 0.004 nm/second and 0.4 nm/second, to form a filmthickness of approximately 40 nm. Moreover, 20 nm of Alg was separatelydeposited onto the ITO substrate. Sequentially, a cathode was depositedonto the ITO substrate as in Example 1 to prepare an EL element, and theEL element was evaluated as in Example 1.

[0160] The evaluation results are presented in Table 2. It should benoted that, in Table 2, the evaluation criteria for dark spots is thesame as that for Table 1. TABLE 2 CIE Maximum Driving LuminousChromaticity Element Luminescence Voltage Wavelength Coordinate Dark No.Compound (cd/m²) (V) λ max (nm) (x, y) Spots 201 Comparative 600 16 600(0.53, 0.46) Δ Compound A 202 Comparative 830 16 605 (0.53, 0.44) ΔCompound B 203 D-8  1310 16 632 (0.60, 0.38) ◯ 204 D-15 1170 16 635(0.61, 0.37) ◯ 205 D-27 1270 16 620 (0.60, 0.40) ◯

[0161] From the results of Table 2, it was verified that, if the lightemitting element material of the present invention was used as a dopedye, a light emitting material which was capable of high luminance lightemission can be obtained. Moreover, it was verified that the EL elementcontaining the compound of the present invention was excellent in asheet form. Further, it was verified that, even after a long period oflight emission, the EL element containing the compound of the presentinvention had a small number of dark spots as well as excellentdurability.

EXAMPLE 3

[0162] After etching and washing an ITO substrate, 40 mg of poly(N-arbazole), 12 mg of PBD(2-(4-biphenlyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole), and 0.5 mg ofthe compound recited in Table 1 were dissolved in 3 ml of1,2-dichloroethane, and the washed ITO substrate was spin-coated withthe solution. Thickness of the generated organic thin film was about 120nm. Next, a cathode was deposited onto the ITO substrate as in Example 1to prepare an EL element, and the EL element was evaluated as in Example1.

[0163] The evaluation results are presented in Table 3. TABLE 3 LuminousMaximum Wave- CIE Lumines- Driving Length Chromaticity Element cenceVoltage λ max Coordinate No. Compound (cd/m²) (V) (nm) (x, y) 301Comparative 300 16 580 (0.51, 0.48) Compound A 302 Comparative 350 16612 (0.55, 0.43) Compound B 303 D-8  650 16 635 (0.61, 0.37) 304 D-15610 17 642 (0.63, 0.35) 305 D-27 625 17 625 (0.60, 0.38)

[0164] From the results of Table 3, it was verified that, if the lightemitting element material of the present invention was used, even in acase in which a light emitting layer was formed with a coating methodwhich would normally lead to low light emission luminance, low voltagedrive and high luminance light emission were more possible than in acase in which a comparative compound was used.

EXAMPLE 4

[0165] After etching and washing an ITO substrate as in Example 1, about60 nm of the example compound D-15 was deposited onto the ITO substrate.After that, about 40 nm of Alg was deposited, and subsequently, acathode was deposited onto the ITO cathode as in Example 1 to prepare anEL element.

[0166] As a result of evaluating the prepared EL element as in Example1, luminance of 530 cd/m² was demonstrated with application of 15 V.Also, red light emission with high color purity of λ max=643 nm, CIEchromaticity (x, y)=(0.63, 0.34) was observed, and it was verified thatthe light emitting element material of the present invention waseffective as a positive hole injecting transporting agent and a redlight emission agent.

EXAMPLE 5

[0167] Onto an ITO glass substrate for which etching and washing hadbeen effected as in Example 1, about 40 nm of NPD(N,N′-bis(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenylbenzidine), about 20 nm of theexample compound D-2, about 10 nm of bathocuproin, and about 30 nm ofAlg (tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum) were deposited. Subsequently, acathode was deposited as in Example 1 to prepare an EL element.

[0168] As a result of evaluating the prepared EL element as in Example1, luminance of 1380 cd/m² was demonstrated with application of 14 V.Also, red light emission with high color purity of λ max=645 nm, CIEchromaticity (x, y)=(0.65, 0.34) was observed, and it was verified thatthe light emitting element material of the present invention waseffective as a red light emission agent.

EXAMPLE 6

[0169] Onto an ITO glass substrate for which etching and washing hadbeen effected as in Example 1, a solution was spin-coated. The solutioncontained 40 mg of poly (N-vinylcarbazole), 12 mg of2,5-bis(1-naphthyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole), 10 mg of1,1,4,4-tetraphenylbutadiene, 0.5 mg of DCM, and 0.1 mg of the examplecompound D-1 of the present invention dissolved in 3 ml of1,2-dichloroethane. Next, a cathode was deposited as in Example 1 toprepare an EL element.

[0170] Direct current was applied to the prepared EL element using anITO electrode as an anode and Mg:Ag electrode as a cathode, and lightemission characteristic of the EL element was monitored. As a result,white color light emission (luminance of 1050 cd/m²) of (x, y)=(0.35,0.34) on a CIE chromaticity diagram was obtained with application of 15V. It was verified that the light emitting element material of thepresent invention is effective as a material for white color lightemission.

[0171] The light emitting element material and the amine compound of thepresent invention is useful as a light emission agent, positive holeinjecting agent, and positive hole transporting agent. In comparisonwith conventional EL elements, the El element containing the compound ofthe present invention demonstrates light emission characteristics ofhigh luminance and high color purity, and in particular, whiledemonstrating light emission characteristics of red light emission withhigh color purity, is significantly superior in a sheet form and interms of durability. Even as a non-doping type EL element, the highperformance EL element containing the compound of the present inventioncan be manufactured at low cost and in a stable manner, since there islittle deviation in performance among the elements. Further, incomparison with EL elements manufactured using a conventionalapplication system, light emission characteristics are demonstrated inwhich luminance of emitted light is significantly superior.

What is claimed is:
 1. A light emitting element material comprising acompound expressed by following general formula (A):

wherein, in the general formula (A), R¹, R², and R³ may be the same ordifferent, may each have a substituent, and each independently representan aryl group, heterocyclic group, or aliphatic hydrocarbon group; atleast two of the R¹, R², and R³ each independently represents an arylgroup or heterocyclic group each of which may have a substituent; atleast one of the R¹, R², and R³ contains a group expressed by followinggeneral formula (B); and R¹, R², and R³ may link with each other to forma ring having 5 to 7 members,

wherein, in the general formula (B), R⁴ represents a heterocyclic groupor electron attracting group; R⁵ represents a hydrogen atom or electronattracting group; R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ each independently represents ahydrogen atom or substituent; R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ may combine with each otherto form a ring, or may combine with R¹, R², and R³, respectively, toform a ring; m represents 0, 1, or 2; and when only one group expressedby the general formula (B) is contained in the general formula (A), acase where R⁴ and R⁵ are both cyano groups at the same time is excluded;and when R⁵ is a hydrogen atom, R⁴ represents a heterocyclic group whichhas aromatic rings and is formed from 3 to 7 rings.
 2. A light emittingelement material according to claim 1, wherein the compound expressed bythe general formula (A) is a compound expressed by following generalformula (I):

wherein, in general formula (I), R²¹, R²², and R²³ may be the same ordifferent, may each have a substituent, and each independentlyrepresents an aryl group, heterocyclic group, or aliphatic hydrocarbongroup; at least two of the R²¹, R²², and R²³ each independentlyrepresents an aryl group or heterocyclic group each of which may have asubstituent; and, at least one of the R²¹, R²², and R²³ contains a groupexpressed by following general formula (II):

wherein, in the general formula (II), R²⁴ represents a heterocyclicgroup, cyano group, perfluoroalkyl group, oxycarbonyl group, carbamoylgroup, sulfonyl group, sulfamoyl group, or R (C═X)-group; R²⁵ representsa hydrogen atom, cyano group, perfluoroalkyl group, oxycarbonyl group,carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfamoyl group, or R (C═X)-group; Rrepresents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, aryl group, or heterocyclicgroup; X represents an oxygen atom, sulfur atom, N—R^(A1), orCR^(A2)R^(A3); R^(A1), R^(A2), and R^(A3) each independently representsa hydrogen atom or substituent, excluding a case where R^(A2) and R^(A3)are both hydrogen atoms; R²⁶, R²⁷, and R²⁸ each independently representsa hydrogen atom or substituent; m represents 0, 1, or 2; and when onlyone group expressed by the general formula (II) is contained in thegeneral formula (I), a case where R²⁴ and R²⁵ are cyano groups at thesame time is excluded; and when R²⁵ is a hydrogen atom, R²⁴ represents aheterocyclic group which has aromatic rings and is formed from 3 to 7rings.
 3. A light emitting element material according to claim 2,wherein the compound expressed by the general formula (I) is a compoundexpressed by following general formula (III):

wherein, in the general formula (III), Ar³¹ represents a divalent arylgroup or heterocyclic group; R³² represents an aryl group, heterocyclicgroup, or aliphatic hydrocarbon group; R³⁴ represents a heterocyclicgroup, perfluoroalkyl group, cyano group, oxycarbonyl group, carbamoylgroup, sulfonyl group, sulfamoyl group, or R (C═X)-group; R³⁵ representsa hydrogen atom, perfluoroalkyl group, cyano group, oxycarbonyl group,carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfamoyl group, or R (C═X)-group; Rrepresents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, aryl group, or heterocyclicgroup; X represents an oxygen atom, sulfur atom, N—R^(A1), orCR^(A2)R^(A3); R^(A1), R^(A2) and R^(A3) each independently represents ahydrogen atom or substituent, excluding a case in which R^(A2) andR^(A3) are both hydrogen atoms; R³⁶, R³⁷, and R³⁸ each independentlyrepresents a hydrogen atom or a substituent; m represents 0, 1, or 2; prepresents 1, 2, or 3; and when p is 2 or 3, two or more combinations ofAr³¹, R³⁴, R³⁵, R³⁶, R³⁷, R³⁸ and m may be the same or different, andwhen p is 1, two R³²s may be the same or different, at least one of thetwo R³²s represents an aryl group or heterocyclic group and a case inwhich R³⁴ and R³⁵ are cyano groups at the same time is excluded; andwhen R³⁵ is a hydrogen atom, R³⁴ represents a heterocyclic group whichhas aromatic rings and is formed from 3 to 7 rings.
 4. A light emittingelement material according to claim 2, wherein the compound expressed bythe general formula (I) is a compound expressed by following generalformula (IV):

wherein, in the general formula (IV), Ar⁴¹ represents a divalent arylgroup or heterocyclic group; R⁴² represents an aryl group, heterocyclicgroup, or aliphatic hydrocarbon group; R⁴⁴ represents a heterocyclicgroup, perfluoroalkyl group, cyano group, oxycarbonyl group, carbamoylgroup, sulfonyl group, sulfamoyl group, or R (C═X)-group; R⁴⁵ representsa hydrogen atom, cyano group, perfluoroalkyl group, oxycarbonyl group,carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfamoyl group, or R (C═X)-group; Rrepresents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, aryl group, or heterocyclicgroup; X represents an oxygen atom, sulfur atom, N—R^(A1), orCR^(A2)R^(A3); R^(A1), R^(A2) and R^(A3) each independently represents ahydrogen atom or substituent, excluding a case in which R^(A2) andR^(A3) are both hydrogen atoms; R⁴⁶, R⁴⁷, and R⁴⁸ each independentlyrepresents a hydrogen atom or substituent; m represents 0, 1, or 2; nrepresents an integer no than 2; two or more combinations of Ar⁴¹, R⁴²,R⁴⁴, R⁴⁶, R⁴⁷, R⁴⁸, and m may be the same or different; L represents alinkage group having a valence of n; and at least two of the Ar⁴¹, R⁴²,and L each independently represents an aryl group or heterocyclic group.5. A light emitting element material according to claim 3, wherein thecompound expressed by the general formula (III) is a compound expressedby following general formula (V):

wherein, in the general formula (V), R⁵² represents an aryl group,heterocyclic group, or aliphatic hydrocarbon group; R⁵⁴ represents aheterocyclic group, perfluoroalkyl group, cyano group, oxycarbonylgroup, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfamoyl group, or R(C═X)-group; R⁵⁵ represents a hydrogen atom, perfluoroalkyl group, cyanogroup, oxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfamoylgroup, or R (C═X)-group; R represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group,aryl group, or heterocyclic group; X represents an oxygen atom, sulfuratom, N—R^(A1), or CR^(A2)R^(A3); R^(A1), R^(A2) and R^(A3) eachindependently represents a hydrogen atom or substituent, excluding acase in which R^(A2) and R^(A3) are both hydrogen atoms; R⁵⁶, R⁵⁷, andR⁵⁸ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or substituent; R⁵⁹represents a substituent; q represents an integer from 0 to 4; when q is2, 3, or 4, two or more R⁵⁹s may be the same or different; m represents0, 1, or 2; p represents 1, 2, or 3; when p is 2 or 3, two or morecombinations of R⁵², R⁵⁴, R⁵⁵, R⁵⁶, R⁵⁷, R⁵⁸, R⁵⁹, m, and q may be thesame or different, and when p is 1, at least one of the two R⁵²srepresents an aryl group or heterocyclic group and a case where R³⁴ andR³⁵ are both cyano groups is excluded; and when R⁵⁵ is a hydrogen atom,R⁵⁴ represents a heterocyclic group which has aromatic rings and isformed from 3 to 7 rings.
 6. A light emitting element material accordingto claim 4, wherein the compound expressed by the general formula (IV)is a compound expressed by following general formula (VI):

wherein, in the general formula (VI), R⁶⁴ represents a heterocyclicgroup, a perfluoroalkyl group, cyano group, oxycarbonyl group, carbamoylgroup, sulfonyl group, sulfamoyl group, or R (C═X)-group; R⁶⁵ representsa hydrogen atom, perfluoroalkyl group, cyano group, oxycarbonyl group,carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfamoyl group, or R (C═X)-group; Rrepresents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, aryl group, or heterocyclicgroup; X represents an oxygen atom, sulfur atom, N—R^(A1), orCR^(A2)R^(A3); R^(A1), R^(A2) and R^(A3) each independently represents ahydrogen atom or substituent, excluding a case in which R^(A2) andR^(A3) are both hydrogen atoms; R⁶⁶, R⁶⁷, and R⁶⁸ each independentlyrepresents a hydrogen atom or substituent; R⁶⁹ and R⁶⁰ eachindependently represents a substituent; q represents an integer which isof from 0 to 4; r represents an integer which is of from 0 to 5; when qis 2, 3, or 4 and when r is 2, 3, 4, or 5, two or more R⁶⁹s and two ormore R⁶⁰s may be the same or different, respectively; m represents 0, 1,or 2; n represents an integer which is no less than 2; two or morecombinations of R⁶⁰, R⁶⁴, R⁶⁵, R⁶⁶, R⁶⁷, R⁶⁸, R⁶⁹, m, q, and r may bethe same or different from each other; and L represents a linkage grouphaving a valence of n.
 7. A light emitting element material according toclaim 5, wherein the compound expressed by the general formula (V) is acompound expressed by following general formula (VII):

wherein, in the general formula (VII), R⁷² represents an aryl group,heterocyclic group, or aliphatic hydrocarbon group; R⁷⁴ represents aheterocyclic group, perfluoroalkyl group, cyano group, oxycarbonylgroup, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfamoyl group, or R(C═X)-group; R⁷⁵ represents a hydrogen atom, perfluoroalkyl group, cyanogroup, oxycarbonyl group, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfamoylgroup, or R (C═X)-group; R represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group,aryl group, or heterocyclic group; X represents an oxygen atom, sulfuratom, N—R^(A1), or CR^(A2)R^(A3); R^(A1), R^(A2) and R^(A3) eachindependently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, excluding acase in which R^(A2) and R^(A3) are both hydrogen atoms; R⁷⁶ representsa hydrogen atom or substituent; R⁷⁹ represents a substituent; qrepresents an integer which is of from 0 to 4; when q is 2, 3, or 4, twoor more R⁷⁹s may be the same or different; p represents 1, 2, or 3; andwhen p is 2 or 3, two or more combinations of R⁷², R⁷⁴, R⁷⁵, R⁷⁶, R⁷⁹,and q may be the same or may be different, and when p is 1, two R⁷²s maybe the same or different, and at least one of the two R⁷²s represents anaryl group or heterocyclic group, excluding a case in which R⁷⁴ and R⁷⁵are cyano groups at the same time; and when R⁷⁵ is a hydrogen atom, R⁷⁴represents a heterocyclic group which has aromatic rings and is formedfrom 3 to 7 rings.
 8. A light emitting element material according toclaim 6, wherein the compound expressed by the general formula (VI) is acompound expressed by following general formula (VIII):

wherein, in the general formula (VIII), R⁸⁴ represents a heterocyclicgroup, perfluoroalkyl group, cyano group, oxycarbonyl group, carbamoylgroup, sulfonyl group, sulfamoyl group, or R (C═X)-group; R⁸⁵ representsa hydrogen atom, perfluoroalkyl group, cyano group, oxycarbonyl group,carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfamoyl group, or R (C═X)-group; Rrepresents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, aryl group, or heterocyclicgroup; X represents an oxygen atom, sulfur atom, N—R^(A1), orCR^(A2)R^(A3); R^(A1), R^(A2) and R^(A3) each independently represents ahydrogen atom or substituent, excluding a case in which R^(A2) andR^(A3) are both hydrogen atoms; R⁸⁶ represents a hydrogen atom or asubstituent; R⁸⁹ and R⁸⁰ each independently represents a substituent; qrepresents an integer which is of from 0 to 4; r represents an integerwhich is of from 0 to 5; when q is 2, 3, or 4 and when r is 2, 3, 4, or5, two or more R⁸⁹s and two or more R⁸⁰s may be the same or different,respectively; n represents an integer which is no less than 2; two ormore combinations of R⁸⁰, R⁸⁴, R⁸⁵, R⁸⁶, R⁸⁹, q, and r may be the sameor different; and L represents a linkage group having a valence of n. 9.An amine compound which is expressed by following general formula (IX):

wherein, in the general formula (IX), R⁹⁴ represents a heterocyclicgroup, perfluoroalkyl group, cyano group, oxycarbonyl group, carbamoylgroup, sulfonyl group, sulfamoyl group, or R (C═X)-group; R⁹⁵ representsa hydrogen atom, perfluoroalkyl group, cyano group, oxycarbonyl group,carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfamoyl group, or R (C═X)-group; Rrepresents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, aryl group, or heterocyclicgroup; X represents an oxygen atom, sulfur atom, N—R^(A1), orCR^(A2)R^(A3); R^(A1), R^(A2) and R^(A3) each independently represents ahydrogen atom or substituent, excluding a case in which R^(A2) andR^(A3) are both hydrogen atoms; R⁹⁶ represents a hydrogen atom orsubstituent; R⁹⁹ and R⁹⁰ each independently represents a substituent; qrepresents an integer which is of from 0 to 4; r represents an integerwhich is of from 0 to 5; when q is 2, 3, or 4 and when r is 2, 3, 4, or5, a plurality of R⁹⁹ and a plurality of R⁹⁰ may be the same ordifferent, respectively; n represents an integer which is no less than2; two or more combinations of R⁹⁰, R⁹⁴, R⁹⁵, R⁹⁶, R⁹⁹, q, and r may bethe same or different; and L represents a linkage group having a valenceof n.
 10. A light emitting element, wherein, in an organic lightemitting element comprising a pair of electrodes and one or more organicthin film layers provided between the pair of electrodes, the organicthin film layers contain the light emitting element material accordingto either of claim 1 to 8 or the amine compound according to claim 9.11. A light emitting element according to claim 10, wherein the lightemitting element material or the amine compound is dispersed in apolymer.